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{{Infobox U.S. state
| name = Idaho
| official_name =
| native_name =
| image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Idaho
| image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg
| image_map = Idaho in United States.svg
| nickname = The Gem State (official), The Potato State
| motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] for "Let it be perpetual")<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref>
| anthem = "[[Here We Have Idaho]]"
| Former = [[Oregon Territory]], [[Washington Territory]], [[Idaho Territory]]
| population_demonym = Idahoan
| seat = [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]
| OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| LargestCity = capital
| LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]]
| LargestMetro =
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Brad Little]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Scott Bedke]] (R)}}
| Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]]
| Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]]
| Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R)
| Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R)
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref>
| IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]]
| postal_code = ID
| area_rank = 11th
| area_total_sq_mi = 83,569<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 216,443
| area_land_sq_mi = 82,643
| area_land_km2 = 214,045
| area_water_sq_mi = 926
| area_water_km2 = 2,398
| area_water_percent = 1.11
| population_rank = 38th
| 2010Pop = 1,964,726
| population_density_rank = 44th
| AdmittanceOrder = 43rd
| AdmittanceDate = July 3, 1890
| timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]]
| utc_offset1 = −07:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = −06:00
| timezone1_location = primary
| timezone2 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset2 = −08:00
| timezone2_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset2_DST = −07:00
| timezone2_location = [[Idaho Panhandle]]
| Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]]
| Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W
| width_mi = 305
| width_km = 491
| length_mi = 479
| length_km = 771
| elevation_max_point = [[Borah Peak]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}}
| elevation_max_ft = 12,662
| elevation_max_m = 3,859
| elevation_ft = 5,000
| elevation_m = 1,520
| elevation_min_point = Confluence of [[Snake River|Snake]] and [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]]; [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]]<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}}
| elevation_min_ft = 713
| elevation_min_m = 217
| iso_code = US-ID
| website = idaho.gov
| 2010DensityUS = 23.63
| 2010Density = 8.33
| Capital =
| Representatives =
}}
{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
| image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg
| image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg
| state = Idaho
| amphibian = [[Tiger salamander]] (''Ambystoma tigrinum'')
| bird = {{ubl|[[Mountain bluebird]] (''Sialia currucoides'')|'''Raptor:''' [[Peregrine falcon]] (''Falco peregrinus'')}}
| butterfly =
| crustacean =
| fish = [[Cutthroat trout]] (''Oncorhynchus clarkii'')
| flower = Syringa (''[[Philadelphus lewisii]]'')
| horse = [[Appaloosa]]
| insect = [[Monarch butterfly]] (''Danaus plexippus'')
| mammal =
| reptile =
| tree = [[Western white pine]] (''Pinus monticola'')
| beverage =
| colors =
| dance = [[Square dance]]
| food = {{ubl|'''Fruit:''' [[Huckleberry]]|'''Vegetable:''' [[Potato]]}}
| fossil = [[Hagerman horse]] (''Equus simplicidens'')
| gemstone = [[Star garnet]]
| mineral =
| instrument =
| poem =
| rock =
| shell =
| soil = [[Threebear (soil)|Threebear]]
| sport =
| toy =
| image_route = Idaho_75.svg
| image_quarter =
| quarter_release_date = 2007
}}
'''Idaho''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) is a landlocked [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Mountain states|Mountain West]] subregion of the [[United States]]. It shares a small portion of the [[Canada–United States border]] to the north, with the province of [[British Columbia]]. It borders [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]] to the east, [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]] to the south, and [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]] to the west. The [[US state capitals|state's capital]] and largest city is [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]. With an area of {{convert|83569|sqmi|km2|abbr=}}, Idaho is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|14th largest]] state by land area. With a population of approximately 1.8 million, it ranks as the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|13th least populous]] and the [[List of U.S. states by population density|7th least densely populated]] of the [[List of US states|50 U.S. states]].
For thousands of years, and prior to European colonization, Idaho has been inhabited by [[Native Americans in the United States|native peoples]]. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the [[Oregon Country]], an area of dispute between the U.S. and the [[British Empire]]. It officially became [[Territories of the United States|a U.S. territory]] with the signing of the [[Oregon Treaty|Oregon Treaty of 1846]], but a separate [[Idaho Territory]] was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in [[Oregon Territory]] and [[Washington Territory]]. Idaho was eventually [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] on July 3, 1890, becoming the [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|43rd state]].
Forming part of the Pacific Northwest (and the associated [[Cascadia (bioregion)|Cascadia bioregion]]), Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. The state's north, the relatively isolated [[Idaho Panhandle]], is closely linked with [[Eastern Washington]], with which it shares the [[Pacific Time Zone]]—the rest of the state uses the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. The state's south includes the [[Snake River Plain]] (which has most of the population and agricultural land), and the southeast incorporates part of the [[Great Basin]]. Idaho is quite mountainous and contains several stretches of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. The [[United States Forest Service]] holds about 38% of Idaho's land, the highest proportion of any state.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref>
Industries significant for the state economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism. Several science and technology firms are either headquartered in Idaho or have factories there, and the state also contains the [[Idaho National Laboratory]], which is the country's largest [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] facility. Idaho's agricultural sector supplies many products, but the state is best known for [[Idaho potato|its potato crop]], which comprises around one-third of the nationwide yield. The [[List of U.S. state nicknames|official state nickname]] is the "Gem State."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf |title= Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863 |last= Wells |first= Merle W |access-date= January 16, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf |archive-date= April 6, 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref>
==Etymology==
The name's origin remains a mystery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich |title=Idaho—its meaning, origin and application |last=Rees |first=John E |orig-year=1868 |year=1928 |publisher=Internet Archive |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020406/http://www.archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early 1860s, when the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] was considering organizing a new territory in the [[Rocky Mountains]], the name "Idaho" was suggested by [[George M. Willing]], a politician posing as an unrecognized delegate from the unofficial [[Jefferson Territory]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax |title=Did Idaho Get Its Name As a Result of a Hoax? |publisher=Museum of hoaxes |date=April 25, 2006 |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025133736/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax |archive-date=October 25, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Willing claimed that the name was derived from a [[Shoshone language|Shoshone]] term meaning "the sun comes from the mountains" or "gem of the mountains",<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Idaho |publisher=MSN |encyclopedia=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028131844/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html |archive-date=October 28, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but it was revealed later that there was no such term and Willing claimed that he had been inspired to coin the name when he met a little girl named ''Ida''.<ref name="Ellis">{{Cite journal |last=Ellis |first=Erl H. |title=Idaho |journal=Western Folklore |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=317–9 |date=October 1951 |doi=10.2307/1496073 |jstor=1496073}}</ref> Since the name appeared to be fabricated, the U.S. Congress ultimately decided to name the area [[Colorado Territory]] instead when it was created in February 1861, but by the time this decision was made, the town of [[Idaho Springs, Colorado]] had already been named after Willing's proposal.
The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called [[Idaho County, Idaho|Idaho County]] was created in eastern [[Washington Territory]]. The county was named after a [[steamboat|steamship]] named ''Idaho'', which was launched on the [[Columbia River]] in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing's claim was revealed. Regardless, part of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create [[Idaho Territory]] in 1863.<ref>{{Citation |publisher=[[Idaho State University]] |url=http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf |contribution=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863 |title=Idaho Museum of Natural History |access-date=March 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065016/http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}.</ref> Idaho Territory would later change its boundaries to the area that became the U.S. state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=uslaw.link |url=https://uslaw.link/citation/stat/12/808 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=uslaw.link}}</ref>
==History==
{{main |History of Idaho}}
Humans may have been present in the Idaho area as long as 14,500 years ago. Excavations at [[Wilson Butte Cave]] near [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]] in 1959 revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] peoples predominant in the area included the [[Nez Perce people|Nez Percé]] in the north and the Northern and Western [[Shoshone]] in the south.<ref name = natgeo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/|title=15,000-year-old Idaho archaeology site now among America's oldest|date=August 29, 2019|website=Culture & History|access-date=September 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905110333/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/|archive-date=September 5, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
A Late [[Upper Paleolithic]] site was identified at Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho near the town of [[Cottonwood, Idaho|Cottonwood]] by archaeologists in 2019. Based on evidence found at the site, first people lived in this area 15,300 to 16,600 years ago, predating the [[Beringia]] land bridge by about a thousand years. The discoverers emphasized that they possess similarities with tools and artifacts discovered in [[Japan]] that date from 16,000 to 13,000 years ago.<ref name = natgeo/><ref name = science>{{Cite journal|last1=G. Davis|first1=Loren|last2=B. Madsen|first2=David|last3=Higham|first3=Thomas Higham|date=2019|title=Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper's Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago|journal=Science|volume=365|issue=6456|pages=891–897|doi=10.1126/science.aax9830|pmid=31467216|bibcode=2019Sci...365..891D|s2cid=201672463|doi-access=free}}</ref> The discovery also showed that the first people might not have come to [[North America]] by land, as previously theorized. On the contrary, they probably came through the water, using a [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coastal route.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html|title=Idaho artifacts show human presence in Americas 16,600 years ago|website=news.yahoo.com|date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=September 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901181706/https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html|archive-date=September 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=The most parsimonious explanation we think is that people came down the Pacific Coast, and as they encountered the mouth of the Columbia River, they essentially found an off-ramp from this coastal migration and also found their first viable interior route to the areas that are south of the ice sheet.<ref name = science/>||sign=|source=}}
An early presence of French-Canadian trappers is visible in names and [[toponym]]s: ''Nez Percé, Cœur d'Alène, Boisé, Payette''. Some of these names appeared prior to the [[Lewis and Clark]] and [[Pacific Fur Company|Astorian]] expeditions, which included significant numbers of French and [[Métis]] guides recruited for their familiarity with the terrain.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Idaho, as part of the [[Oregon Country]], was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain until the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction in 1846. From 1843 to 1859, present-day Idaho was under the de facto jurisdiction of the [[Provisional Government of Oregon]]. When Oregon became a state in 1859, what is now Idaho was situated in what remained of the original Oregon Territory, designated as the Washington Territory.
Between 1849 and the creation of the [[Idaho Territory]] in 1863, parts of present-day Idaho were included in the [[Oregon Territory|Oregon]], [[Washington Territory|Washington]], and [[Dakota Territory|Dakota]] Territories. The new Idaho territory included present-day Idaho, [[Montana]], and most of [[Wyoming]]. The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed Idaho in 1805 on the way to the Pacific, and in 1806, on the return trip, largely following the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] in both directions. The first non-indigenous settlement was [[Kullyspell House]], established on the shore of [[Lake Pend Oreille]] in 1809 by [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] of the [[North West Company]] for fur trading.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson |title=David Thompson's Trading Post |website=Idaho Forts |publisher=American Forts Network |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813155304/http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson |archive-date=August 13, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Meinig |first=DW |author-link=D.W. Meinig |title=The Great Columbia Plain |orig-year=1968 |series=Weyerhaeuser Environmental Classic |year=1995 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-97485-9 |pages=36, 55}}</ref> In 1812 [[Donald Mackenzie (explorer)|Donald Mackenzie]], working for the [[Pacific Fur Company]] at the time, established a post on the lower Clearwater River near present-day Lewiston. This post, known as "MacKenzie's Post" or "Clearwater", operated until the Pacific Fur Company was bought out by the North West Company in 1813, after which the post was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf |title=Fur Trade Posts in Idaho |publisher=Idaho State Historical Society |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930220652/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf |archive-date=September 30, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#clear |title=Donald MacKenzie's Post |website=Idaho Forts |publisher=American Forts Network |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813155304/http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#clear |archive-date=August 13, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first organized non-indigenous communities within the present borders of Idaho were established by [[Mormon pioneers]] in 1860.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.franklinidaho.org/History2.htm |title=An Early History of Franklin |last=Bennett |first=Eldon T. |publisher=Franklin, ID |access-date=May 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513005934/http://www.franklinidaho.org/History2.htm |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0008.pdf |title=Elias Davidson Pierce and the Founding of Pierce |date=August 1966 |publisher=Idaho State Historical Society |access-date=May 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528121225/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0008.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first permanent, substantial [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] community was Lewiston, in 1861. Early in its history, Idaho saw a large influx of [[Chinese Americans|Chinese immigrants]], who by 1870 made up about 28.5% of the territory's population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Significance of Asians and Asian Americans in Idaho History |url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class/anthrolab/collections/aacc/significance |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.uidaho.edu |language=en}}</ref>
Idaho achieved statehood in 1890, following a difficult start as a territory, including the chaotic transfer of the territorial capital from [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] to [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0048.pdf |title=Territorial Government in Idaho, 1863–1869 |series=Reference |number=48 |place=ID, [[United States of America|US]] |publisher=State Historical Society |year=1968 |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002124302/http://www.history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0048.pdf |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[disenfranchisement]] of [[Mormon]] [[polygamist]]s upheld by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in 1890,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nboman.people.wm.edu/MormonsEUSC.pdf |title=Mormon |type=entry |website=The Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States |first=David S |last=Tanenhaus |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628164120/http://nboman.people.wm.edu/MormonsEUSC.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a federal attempt to split the territory between Washington Territory, which gained statehood in 1889, a year before Idaho, and the state of [[Nevada]] which had been a state since 1864.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state|title=Idaho becomes 43rd state—Jul 03, 1890—HISTORY.com|work=HISTORY.com|access-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102053717/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state|archive-date=November 2, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the [[Pacific Northwest]] states during the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |year=1991 |title=In Mountain Shadows: a History of Idaho |location=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press}}</ref> Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only ten cents compared to 1919 for $1.51, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.<ref>{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=Randall |year=2004 |title=A political dynasty in North Idaho, 1933–1967 |publisher=University Press |isbn=978-0-7618-2842-6 |page=7}}</ref>
In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ieda.biz/white.html |title=The Power of Idaho |type=whitepaper |year=2004 |place=ID |publisher=Economic Development Association |access-date=October 7, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013194422/http://ieda.biz/white.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Idaho enacted statewide crisis standards of care as COVID-19 patients overwhelmed hospitals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=erusby@idahopress.com|first=ERIN BANKS RUSBY|title=Idaho issues crisis standards of care statewide|url=https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/idaho-issues-crisis-standards-of-care-statewide/article_6ba90621-f076-504a-8b74-059422f64272.html|access-date=2021-10-10|website=Idaho Press|date=September 16, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The state had one of the lowest vaccination rates in the country as of mid-October 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-17|title=See How Vaccinations Are Going in Your County and State|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html|access-date=2021-10-10|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Idaho}}
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
Idaho shares a border with six U.S. states and one Canadian province. The states of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]] are to the west, [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]] are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of [[British Columbia]] to the north.<ref>{{cite web |title=Map of Idaho |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/USA/idaho_map.htm}}</ref>
The landscape is rugged, with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,010 ha), the [[Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area]] is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the continental United States. Idaho is a [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, vast lakes and steep canyons. The waters of the [[Snake River]] run through [[Hells Canyon]], the deepest gorge in the United States. [[Shoshone Falls]] falls down cliffs from a height greater than [[Niagara Falls]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Idaho Travel Guide by Visit Idaho - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/visitidaho/docs/2015-travel-guide |website=issuu.com |date=February 13, 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
By far, the most important river in Idaho is the Snake River, a major tributary of the Columbia River. The Snake River flows from [[Yellowstone]] in northwestern [[Wyoming]] through the [[Snake River Plain]] in southern Idaho before turning north, leaving the state at [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] before joining the Columbia in [[Kennewick]]. Other major rivers are the [[Clark Fork (river)|Clark Fork]]/[[Pend Oreille River]], the [[Spokane River]], and, many major tributaries of the Snake River, including the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]], the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], the [[Boise River]], and the [[Payette River]]. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], at the confluence of the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater]] and the Snake Rivers is the farthest inland [[seaport]] on the West Coast at 465 [[river mile]]s from the Pacific at [[Astoria, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |title=Port of Lewiston |publisher=US history |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622052243/http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Grand Canyon of yellowstone.jpg|thumb|upright|A portion of Yellowstone national Park is located in Idaho. The other parts are in Montana and Wyoming.]]
The vast majority of Idaho's population lives in the Snake River Plain, a valley running from across the entirety of southern Idaho from east to west. The valley contains the major cities of [[Boise]], [[Meridian, Idaho|Meridian]], [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], [[Idaho Falls]], and [[Pocatello]]. The plain served as an easy pass through the Rocky Mountains for westward-bound settlers on the [[Oregon Trail]], and many settlers chose to settle the area rather than risking the treacherous route through the [[Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest)|Blue Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] to the west. The western region of the plain is known as the [[Treasure Valley]], bound between the [[Owyhee Mountains]] to the southwest and the [[Boise Mountains]] to the northeast. The central region of the Snake River Plain is known as the [[Magic Valley]].
Idaho's highest point is [[Borah Peak]], {{convert|12662|ft|0|abbr=on}}, in the [[Lost River Range]] north of [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]]. Idaho's lowest point, {{convert|710|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, is in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], where the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] joins the [[Snake River]] and continues into Washington. The [[Sawtooth Range (Idaho)|Sawtooth Range]] is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |title= Sawtooth Range |publisher= Idaho climbing guide |access-date= July 30, 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075042/http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |archive-date= June 15, 2011}}</ref> Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the [[Bitterroot Range]], the [[White Cloud Mountains]], the [[Lost River Range]], the [[Clearwater Mountains]], and the [[Salmon River Mountains]].
[[Salmon-Challis National Forest]] is located in the east central sections of the state, with Salmon National Forest to the north and Challis National Forest to the south. The forest is in an area known as the Idaho Cobalt Belt, which consists of a {{convert|34|mile|km|adj=}} long [[geological formation]] of [[sedimentary rock]] that contains some of the largest [[cobalt]] deposits in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho Is Sitting on One of the Most Important Elements on Earth |author=Michael Holtz |date=24 Jan 2022 |website=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/cobalt-clean-energy-climate-change-idaho/621321/}}</ref>
Idaho has two [[Time in the United States|time zones]], with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and [[Nevada]]. Southern Idaho, including the [[Boise metropolitan area]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], are in the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. A legislative error ({{usctc|15|6}} §264) theoretically placed this region in the [[Central Time Zone]], but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |id=264 |title=Part of Idaho in fourth zone |publisher=House of representatives |place=Washington, D.C., U.S. |website=U.S. Code |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125180343/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2006 }}</ref> Areas north of the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], including [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]], are in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
===Climate===
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Idaho.png|left|thumb|300x300px|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Idaho, using 1991–2020 [[Climatological normal|climate normals]]]]
Idaho's [[climate]] varies widely. Although the state's western border is about {{convert |330|mi|-1}} from the Pacific Ocean, the maritime influence is still felt in Idaho; especially, in the winter when cloud cover, [[humidity]], and [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] are at their maximum extent. This influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would otherwise be expected for a northern state with predominantly high elevations.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm | title = Climate of Idaho | website = WRCC | publisher = DRI | date = February 20, 1954 | access-date = July 30, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110909133342/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm | archive-date = September 9, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> In the panhandle, moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the [[North Central Rockies forests]], creating the [[North American inland temperate rainforest]].<ref>{{cite web| last =Woodward| first = Susan L.| title = Inland Rainforests of the Northwest| publisher = Radford University| date= 2012–2015| url = https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=2286| access-date = May 4, 2021}}</ref> The maritime influence is least prominent in the state's eastern part where the precipitation patterns are often reversed, with wetter summers and drier winters, and seasonal temperature differences are more extreme, showing a more semi-arid [[continental climate]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm|title=Climate of Idaho|website=Western Regional Climate Center|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120183856/https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm|archive-date=November 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over {{convert|98|°F|°C|abbr=on}} are rare, except for the lowest point in elevation, [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], which correspondingly sees little snow. Hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since, for most of the state, the highest [[Day|diurnal]] difference in temperature is often in the summer.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm |title= Climate of Idaho |website= WRCC—DRI |date= February 20, 1954 |access-date= January 23, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170221052600/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm |archive-date= February 21, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref> Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual. Idaho's all-time highest temperature of {{convert|118|F|C}} was recorded at [[Orofino, Idaho|Orofino]] on July 28, 1934; the all-time lowest temperature of {{convert|-60|F|C}} was recorded at [[Island Park Dam]] on January 18, 1943.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;background:#E8EAFA;" |Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Idaho cities. (°F)
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;" | City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | Boise
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/24
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 45/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 55/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/46
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 81/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 91/59
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 90/59
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 79/50
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 65/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 48/31
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/23
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;" | Lewiston
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 42/30
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 47/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 55/36
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 62/41
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 72/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 79/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 91/61
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 90/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 80/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 63/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 49/35
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 41/30
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | Pocatello
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 33/16
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/19
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 49/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 59/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 68/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 78/46
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 88/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 88/51
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 76/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 45/24
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 33/16
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;" | Orofino
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 38/25
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 46/28
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 55/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 64/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 72/44
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 80/50
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 89/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 90/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 79/45
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 63/36
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 46/31
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 37/26
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;" |''<ref>{{Citation | title = Weather Idaho | url = http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-idaho/ | publisher = US travel weather | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070705032338/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-idaho/ | archive-date = July 5, 2007}}.</ref>''
|}
===Lakes and rivers===
{{See also|List of rivers of Idaho}}
[[File:Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Coeur d'Alene]] in North Idaho]]
[[File:Redfish lake.JPG|thumb|right|[[Redfish Lake]] in central Idaho]]
[[File:Checkerboard forest in Idaho.jpg|alt=Priest River winds through mountains with a checkerboard design of trees to its east|thumb|[[Priest River]] winding through Whitetail Butte]]
<!-- Only notable from full list -->
{{div col|content=
* [[Clark Fork River]]
* [[Alturas Lake]]
* [[Bear River (Great Salt Lake)|Bear River]]
* [[Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)]]
* [[Boise River]]
* [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]]
* [[Hayden Lake]]
* [[Henry's Lake]]
* [[Kootenai River]]
* [[Lake Cascade]]
* [[Lake Cleveland]]
* [[Lake Coeur d'Alene]]
* [[Lake Lowell]]
* [[Lake Walcott]]
* [[Lake Pend Oreille|Pend Oreille]] - Largest in Idaho
* [[Little Redfish Lake]]
* [[Lucky Peak Lake]]
* [[Moyie River]]
* [[North Fork Clearwater River]]
* [[Pack River]]
* [[Payette Lake]], (McCall)
* [[Pettit Lake]]
* [[Priest Lake]]
* [[Perkins Lake]]
* [[Portneuf River (Idaho)|Portneuf River]]
* [[Redfish Lake]]
* [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]]
* [[Sawtooth Lake]]
* [[Snake River]] - Longest
* [[Stanley Lake]]
* [[St. Joe River]]
* [[Warm Lake]]
}}
===Protected areas===
{{See also|National Parks in Idaho}}
As of 2018:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stateparks.com/idaho_parks_and_recreation_destinations.html|title=List of parks in Idaho|website=www.stateparks.com}}</ref>
====National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites====
{{Div col}}
* [[Salmon-Challis National Forest]]
* [[California National Historic Trail]]
* [[City of Rocks National Reserve]]
* [[Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve]]
* [[Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument]]
* [[Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail]]
* [[Minidoka National Historic Site]]
* [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
* [[Oregon National Historic Trail]]
* [[Yellowstone National Park]]
* [[Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail]]
{{Div col end}}
====National recreation areas====
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Hells Canyon National Recreation Area]]
* [[Sawtooth National Recreation Area]]
}}
====National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas====
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Camas National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Frank Church–River of No Return Wilderness|Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness Area]]
* [[Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge]]
}}
====National conservation areas====
* [[Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area]]
[[File:DSCN6179 bearlake e.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)|Bear Lake]] viewed from [[Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)|Bear Lake State Park]]]]
====State parks====
[[File:Bruneau Dunes State Park.jpg|thumb|[[Bruneau Dunes State Park]]]]
{{See also|List of Idaho state parks}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)|Bear Lake State Park]]
* [[Bruneau Dunes State Park]]
* [[Castle Rocks State Park]]
* [[City of Rocks National Reserve]]
* [[Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park]]
* [[Dworshak State Park]]
* [[Eagle Island State Park (Idaho)|Eagle Island State Park]]
* [[Farragut State Park]]
* [[Harriman State Park (Idaho)|Harriman State Park]]
* [[Hells Gate State Park]]
* [[Henrys Lake State Park]]
* [[Heyburn State Park]]
* [[Lake Cascade State Park]]
* [[Lake Walcott State Park]]
* [[Land of the Yankee Fork State Park]]
* [[Lucky Peak State Park]]
* [[Massacre Rocks State Park]]
* [[McCroskey State Park]]
* [[Old Mission State Park]]
* [[Ponderosa State Park]]
* [[Priest Lake State Park]]
* [[Round Lake State Park]]
* [[Thousand Springs State Park]]
* [[Three Island Crossing State Park]]
* [[Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes]]
* [[Winchester Lake State Park]]
}}
==Demographics==
===Population===
[[File:Idaho population map.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Idaho population density map]]
{{US Census population
|1870= 14999
|1880= 32610
|1890= 88548
|1900= 161772
|1910= 325594
|1920= 431866
|1930= 445032
|1940= 524873
|1950= 588637
|1960= 667191
|1970= 712567
|1980= 943935
|1990= 1006749
|2000= 1293953
|2010= 1567582
|2020= 1839106
|estyear= 2023
|estimate= 1964726
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ID,adacountyidaho/PST045221 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<br/>2023<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Population Trends Return to Pre-Pandemic Norms as More States Gain Population|website=Census Bureau QuickFacts |date=2022-12-19
|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/state/totals/NST-EST2023-POP.xlsx|access-date=2023-12-19}}</ref>
}}
The [[United States Census Bureau]] determined Idaho's population was 1,900,923 on July 1, 2021, a 21% increase since the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ID,adacountyidaho/PST045221|title=QuickFacts Idaho; UNITED STATES|website=2018 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=March 10, 2019|access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064053/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/id,US/PST045218|archive-date=January 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho had an estimated population of 1,754,208 in 2018, which was an increase of 37,265, from the prior year and an increase of 186,626, or 11.91%, since 2010. This included a natural increase since the last census of 58,884 (111,131 births minus 52,247 deaths) and an increase due to net [[Human migration|migration]] of 75,795 people into the state. There are large numbers of Americans of English and German ancestry in Idaho. [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 14,522 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 61,273 people.
According to the American Immigration Council, in 2018, the top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, China and Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_idaho.pdf|title=Immigrants in Idaho}}</ref>
Idaho's population increased by 17.3% from 2010 to 2020, the second fastest state growth rate in the decade.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/idaho-population-change-between-census-decade.html Idaho: 2020 Census], United States Census Bureau, August 25, 2021.</ref>
Nampa, about {{convert |20|mi|-1}} west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing Pocatello and Idaho Falls. Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010. Located between Nampa and Boise, Meridian also experienced high growth, from fewer than 10,000 residents in 1990 to more than 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]], and Twin Falls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|title=Idaho|website=QuickFacts|place=US|publisher=Census Bureau|access-date=July 30, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|archive-date=June 11, 2012}}</ref>
From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%). The [[Boise metropolitan area]] (officially known as the Boise City-Nampa, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area) is Idaho's largest metropolitan area. Other metropolitan areas in order of size are [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]] and [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 AHAR: Part 1 - PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S. {{!}} HUD USER |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/ahar/2022-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=www.huduser.gov}}</ref>
According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 1,998 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Idaho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Idaho.png|thumb|295x295px|Ethnic origins in Idaho]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; display:inline-table;"
|+ '''Idaho historical racial composition'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census"/>!! 1990<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|url-status=dead|title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States|archivedate=July 25, 2008}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client|title=Idaho :: Census Viewer :: CensusViewer :: Powered by Moonshadow Mobile|website=Idaho.us.censusviewer.com|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430075250/http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client|archive-date=April 30, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html|title=2010 Census Data|author=Center for New Media and Promotions (C2PO)|website=Census.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017}}</ref>!! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census
|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| [[White people|White or European American]] || 98.1% || 94.4% || 90.1% || 89.1% || 82.1%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous]] || 0.9% || 1.4% || 1.4% || 1.4% || 1.4%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.5% || 0.9% || 0.9% || 1.2% || 1.5%
|-
| [[African American|Black]] || 0.3% || 0.3% || 0.4% || 0.6% || 0.9%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiian]] and <br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] ||—||—|| 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.2% || 3.0% || 4.2% || 5.1% || 5.6%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] ||—||—|| 2.0% || 2.5% || 8.3%
|}
[[File:Idaho ancestry.png|thumb|There are large numbers of Americans of German and English ancestry in Idaho.]]
According to the 2017 [[American Community Survey]], 12.2% of Idaho's population were of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin (of any race): [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]] (10.6%), [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] (0.2%), [[Cuban Americans|Cuban]] (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (1.3%).<ref name="ACS2017DEMO">{{cite web |title=2017 American Community Survey—Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=March 25, 2020 }}</ref> The five largest ancestry groups were: [[German Americans|German]] (17.5%), [[English Americans|English]] (16.4%), [[Irish Americans|Irish]] (9.3%), [[American ancestry|American]] (8.1%), and [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]] (3.2%).<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey—Selected Social Characteristics |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US16 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005501/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US16 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The majority of Idaho's population is of European (white) descent. Most Idaho's white population trace their ancestry to the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, France, Italy, or Poland. Latinos constitute around one-tenth of the population. There are also small numbers of Native Americans, Asians, and African Americans in the state.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title=Rocky Mountains, Semi-arid Climate |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=26 October 1998 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Idaho/Climate#ref79078}}</ref>
In 2018, The top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[Canada]], the [[Philippines]], [[China]] and [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_idaho.pdf|title=Immigrants in Idaho|website=americanimmigrationcouncil.org}}</ref>
There are 5 federally recognized Native American tribes in the state. These tribes include the Shoshone-Bannock, the Shoshone-Paiute, the Coeur d’Alene, the Kootenai and the Nez Perce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands#:~:text=There%20are%20five%20federally%20recognized,Kootenai%2C%20and%20the%20Nez%20Perce.|title=Tribal Lands}}</ref>
====Birth data====
[[File:Idaho counties by race.svg|thumb|263x263px|Map of counties in Idaho by racial plurality, per the 2020 census{{Collapsible list
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
'''Non-Hispanic White'''
{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}
{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}
{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}
{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}
{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}
{{col-end}}
}}]]
''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|+ Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2014|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2015|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 67, No. 1 |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 67, No. 8 |access-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>
! 2019<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref>
! 2020<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-02}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White]]:
| 21,246 (94.9%)
| 21,696 (94.8%)
| 21,618 (94.7%)
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
|-
| > [[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic White]]
| 17,951 (80.2%)
| 18,188 (79.5%)
| 18,087 (79.2%)
| 17,543 (78.0%)
| 17,151 (77.3%)
| 16,574 (77.4%)
| 16,959 (76.9%)
| 16,463 (76.4%)
| 17,039 (76.0%)
| 16,894 (75.4%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 491 (2.2%)
| 501 (2.2%)
| 516 (2.3%)
| 363 (1.6%)
| 366 (1.7%)
| 348 (1.6%)
| 350 (1.6%)
| 327 (1.5%)
| 380 (1.7%)
| 378 (1.7%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 225 (1.0%)
| 250 (1.1%)
| 287 (1.2%)
| 217 (1.0%)
| 243 (1.1%)
| 233 (1.1%)
| 261 (1.2%)
| 265 (1.2%)
| 271 (1.2%)
| 258 (1.2%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 421 (1.9%)
| 429 (1.9%)
| 406 (1.8%)
| 261 (1.2%)
| 337 (1.5%)
| 285 (1.3%)
| 291 (1.3%)
| 206 (0.9%)
| 232 (1.0%)
| 260 (1.2%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (of any race)
| ''3,422'' (15.3%)
| ''3,651'' (16.0%)
| ''3,645'' (16.0%)
| ''3,614'' (16.1%)
| ''3,598'' (16.2%)
| ''3,549'' (16.6%)
| ''3,702'' (16.8%)
| ''3,687'' (17.1%)
| ''3,887'' (17.3%)
| ''4,002'' (17.9%)
|-
| '''Total Idaho'''
| '''22,383''' (100%)
| '''22,876''' (100%)
| '''22,827''' (100%)
| '''22,482''' (100%)
| '''22,181''' (100%)
| '''21,403''' (100%)
| '''22,063''' (100%)
| '''21,533''' (100%)
| '''22,427''' (100%)
| '''22,391''' (100%)
|}
* Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
===Religion===
[[File:Idaho Falls Temple.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Idaho Falls Idaho Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], 2006]]
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification, per [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s 2022 ''American Values Survey''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=February 24, 2023 |title=American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition in Idaho|url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-ID|access-date=2023-04-04 |website=[[Public Religion Research Institute]]}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]]
| value1 = 37
| color1 = Blue
| label2 = [[Mormonism]]
| value2 = 24
| color2 = Lightblue
| label3 = [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]]
| value3 = 9
| color3 = Purple
| label4 = [[Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witness]]
| value4 = 2
| color4 = Teal
| label5 = [[Irreligion in the United States|Unaffiliated]]
| value5 = 26
| color5 = White
| label6 = [[New Age]]
| value6 = 3
| color6 = Red
}}
According to the [[Pew Research Center]] on Religion & Public Life, the self-identified religious affiliations of Idahoans over the age of 18 in 2008 and 2014 were:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Denomination
! 2008<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/05/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf | title = Religious Landscape Study, february 2008 | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170417032920/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/05/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf | archive-date = April 17, 2017 | url-status = dead}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/idaho/ | title = Religious Landscape Study | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170427093723/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/idaho/ | archive-date = April 27, 2017 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/about-the-religious-landscape-study/ | title = About the Religious Landscape Study | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170428055903/http://www.pewforum.org/about-the-religious-landscape-study/ | archive-date = April 28, 2017 | url-status = live }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Christianity|Christian]], including:'''
| align=center|'''81%'''
| align=center|'''67%'''
|-
| * [[Evangelical Protestant]]
| align=center|22%
| align=center|21%
|-
| * [[Mainline Protestant]]
| align=center|16%
| align=center|16%
|-
| * [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| align=center|18%
| align=center|10%
|-
| * [[Eastern Orthodox]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|1%
|-
| * [[Black church|Historically Black Protestant]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
| align=center|23%
| align=center|19%
|-
| * [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
| align=center|1%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other Christian
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| '''[[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]], including:'''
| align=center|'''18%'''
| align=center|'''27%'''
|-
| * Nothing in particular
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|22%
|-
| * [[Agnostic]]
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|3%
|-
| * [[Atheist]]
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|2%
|-
| '''Non-Christian faiths, including:'''
| align=center|'''n/d'''
| align=center|'''4%'''
|-
| * [[Islam|Muslim]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|1%
|-
| * [[Judaism|Jewish]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[Buddhist]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[Hindu]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other world religions
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other faiths ([[New Age]], [[Native American religion|Native American]], etc.)
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|2%
|-
| '''Don't know/refused'''
| align=center|'''< 0.5%'''
| align=center|'''1%'''
|}
According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]], the largest denominations by number of members in 2010 were [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Idaho|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] with 409,265; the [[Catholic Church]] with 123,400; the non-denominational Protestants with 62,637; and the [[Assemblies of God USA|Assemblies of God]] with 22,183.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web|year=2010|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/16/rcms2010_16_state_adh_2010.asp|website=Data Archives|title=State Membership Report|publisher=The Arda|access-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112161301/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/16/rcms2010_16_state_adh_2010.asp|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives revealed Mormons remained the largest with 462,069, followed by Catholics (203,790), and non-denominational Protestantism (98,996).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Congregational Membership |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=1&c=16 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.thearda.com}}</ref>
In 2022, the Public Religion Research Institute's ''American Values Survey'' estimated altogether, 72% of the population was Christian, 26% were religiously unaffiliated, and 3% were New Agers. Of its Christian population, 37% were Protestant, 24% Mormon, 9% Catholic, and 2% [[Jehovah's Witnesses]].
===Language===
{{See also|Native American languages of Idaho}}
English is the state's predominant language. Minority languages include [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Idaho-Languages.html|title=Languages - Idaho|website=www.city-data.com}}</ref> and various [[Native American languages of Idaho|Native American languages]].
==Economy==
{{See also|Economy of Idaho|Idaho locations by per capita income}}As of 2016, the state's total employment was 562,282, and the total employer establishments were 45,826.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ID |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Idaho |access-date=November 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111043729/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ID |archive-date=November 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Gross state product]] for 2015 was $64.9 billion,<ref name="2015 GDP">{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by state (millions of current dollars)|url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|website=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230100702/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|archive-date=December 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the per capita income based on 2015 GDP and 2015 population estimates was $39,100.<ref name="2015 GDP" /><ref name="2015 Population">{{cite web|title=QuickFacts Idaho|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/16|website=United States Census Bureau|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=July 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411182636/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/16|archive-date=April 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for [[processed cheese]], is in [[Gooding, Idaho]]. It has a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year of barrel cheese and belongs to the [[Glanbia]] group.<ref>{{Citation | title = Zuivelzicht | date = April 25, 2007}}.</ref>
[[Hewlett-Packard]] has operated a large plant in Boise since the 1970s, which is devoted primarily to [[HP LaserJet|LaserJet printers]] production.<ref>{{cite web | place = Washington, D.C., US | url = http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar04.html | title = Today in History: March 4 | website = Memory | publisher = Library of Congress | access-date = July 30, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727164920/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar04.html | archive-date = July 27, 2010 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Idaho has a [[Idaho Lottery|state gambling lottery]], which contributed $333.5 million in payments to all Idaho [[School district|public schools]] and [[List of colleges and universities in Idaho|Idaho higher education]] from 1990 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Facts at a Glance
|publisher=Idaho Lottery
|year=2007
|url=http://idaholottery.com/facts.asp
|access-date=April 29, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613232433/http://idaholottery.com/facts.asp
|archive-date=June 13, 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
US ID AmericanFalls.jpg|[[American Falls Dam]]
Wheat harvest.jpg|Wheat harvest on the [[Palouse]]
</gallery>
===Taxation===
Tax is collected by the [[Idaho State Tax Commission]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://tax.idaho.gov/| title = Idaho State Tax Commission - Official Website}}</ref>
The state personal [[income tax]] is a flat 5.8%. Idahoans may apply for state [[tax credit]]s for taxes paid to other states, as well as for donations to Idaho state educational entities and some nonprofit youth and rehabilitation facilities.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
The state [[sales tax]] is 6% with a very limited, selective local option up to 6.5%. Sales tax applies to the sale, rental or lease of tangible personal property and some services. Food is taxed, but [[prescription drug]]s are not. Hotel, [[motel]], and [[campground]] accommodations are taxed at a higher rate (7% to 11%). Some jurisdictions impose local option sales tax.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Option Tax |url=https://bonnersferry.id.gov/local-option-tax/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=City of Bonners Ferry |language=en-US}}</ref>
The sales tax was introduced at 3% in 1965, easily approved by voters,<ref name=csrv>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kw0zAAAAIBAJ&pg=6680%2C2966915 |newspaper = Spokesman-Review |agency = Associated Press |title = Conservatism given credit by Samuelson |date = November 10, 1966 |page = 1 |access-date = November 20, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121000834/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kw0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6680%2C2966915 |archive-date = November 21, 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> where it remained at 3% until 1983.<ref name=stxhis>{{cite web|url=http://tax.idaho.gov/i-1023.cfm#sub3|publisher=State of Idaho|title=Sales tax rate history|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521023534/http://tax.idaho.gov/i-1023.cfm#sub3|archive-date=May 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Energy==
{{See also|List of power stations in Idaho}}
Idaho has a regulated electricity market, with the [[Idaho Public Utilities Commission]] regulating the three major utilities of [[Avista|Avista Utilities]], [[Idaho Power]], and [[PacifiCorp|Rocky Mountain Power]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Energy_policy_in_Idaho|title=Energy policy in Idaho|website=Ballotpedia|access-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108120418/https://ballotpedia.org/Energy_policy_in_Idaho|archive-date=November 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho consumes almost four times more energy than it produces. In 2022, renewable energy sources accounted for 75% of the total electricity generated in the state, the fourth-highest share of renewable electricity for any state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=ID |title=Idaho State Energy Profile, Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |date=April 20, 2023 |access-date=July 14, 2023}}</ref> In 2022, half of Idaho's utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) electricity generating capacity is at hydroelectric power plants, 25% from natural gas, 17% of the state's total in-state electricity net generation came from wind facilities, 4% from solar and 1% from geothermal.<ref>[https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=ID Idaho, State Profile and Energy Estimates], EIA, Updated April 20, 2023</ref> Washington State provides most of the natural gas used in Idaho through one of the two major pipeline systems supplying the state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from [[Solar power in Idaho|solar power]] using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of [[concentrated solar power]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | work= GIS |date= August 2, 2012 | title= Renewable Energy Technical Potential | publisher = NREL | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115931/http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | archive-date = September 15, 2012 }}.</ref> Idaho had 973 MW of installed wind power as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Wind Energy Facts |url=https://www.awea.org/resources/fact-sheets/state-facts-sheets|access-date=October 29, 2020|website=AWEA|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031084511/https://www.awea.org/resources/fact-sheets/state-facts-sheets |archive-date= Oct 31, 2020 }}</ref>
==Transportation==
The [[Idaho Transportation Department]] is the [[government agency]] responsible for Idaho's transportation infrastructure, including [[Maintenance, repair and operations|operations and maintenance]], as well as planning for future needs. The agency is also responsible for overseeing the disbursement of [[Administration of federal assistance in the United States|federal]], state, and [[Grant (money)|grant]] [[funding]] for the transportation programs of the state.<ref name="faq">{{Cite web | title = FAQs | publisher = ITD | date = Jan 24, 2007 | url = http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm | access-date = April 22, 2007 | quote = The transportation department also oversees federal grants to 15 rural and urban public transportation systems, provides state rail planning and rail-project development and supports bicycle and pedestrian projects. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426120934/http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm | archive-date = April 26, 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
===Highways===
{{Main|List of state highways in Idaho}}
[[File:I-15.svg|thumb|upright=0.22|[[Interstate 15 in Idaho|I-15]] shield]]
[[File:US 95.svg|thumb|upright=0.22|[[U.S. Route 95 in Idaho|US-95 shield]]]]
Major federal aid highways in Idaho:
{{div col|colwidth=8em|content=
* '''North/South'''
** {{jct|state=ID|US|89}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|91}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|93}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|95}}
* '''West/East'''
** {{jct|state=ID|US|2}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|12}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|20}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|26}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|30}}
* '''Interstates'''
** {{jct|state=ID|I|15}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|84}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|86}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|90}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|184}}
}}
===Airports===
Major airports include the [[Boise Airport]] which serves the southwest region of Idaho and the [[Spokane International Airport]] (in [[Spokane, Washington]]) which serves northern Idaho. Other airports with scheduled service are the [[Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport]] serving the [[Palouse]]; the [[Lewiston-Nez Perce County Airport]], serving the Lewis-Clark Valley and [[North Central Idaho|north central]] and west central Idaho; The [[Magic Valley Regional Airport]] in Twin Falls; [[Friedman Memorial Airport]] in Hailey; the [[Idaho Falls Regional Airport]]; and the [[Pocatello Regional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html|title=Major Airports in Idaho|website=Traveltips.usatoday.com|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904043747/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html|archive-date=September 4, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Railroads===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}
Idaho is served by three transcontinental railroads. The [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe]] (BNSF) connects the [[Idaho Panhandle]] with [[Seattle]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], and [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] to the west, and [[Minneapolis]] and Chicago to the east. The [[BNSF]] travels through [[Kootenai County, Idaho|Kootenai]], [[Bonner County, Idaho|Bonner]], and [[Boundary County, Idaho|Boundary]] counties. The [[Union Pacific Railroad]] crosses North Idaho, entering from Canada through [[Boundary County, Idaho|Boundary]] and [[Bonner County, Idaho|Bonner]], and proceeding to Spokane. [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] uses [[Union Pacific Railroad]] tracks in North Idaho, carrying products from [[Alberta, Canada|Alberta]] to [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] and [[Portland, Oregon]]. [[Amtrak]]'s Empire Builder crosses northern Idaho, with its only stop being in [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]]. [[Montana Rail Link]] also operates between [[Billings, Montana]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho]].
The [[Union Pacific Railroad]] also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, [[Wyoming]], and [[Ogden, Utah]], and serves [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]], [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], and Pocatello.
===Ports===
The Port of Lewiston is the farthest inland Pacific port on the west coast. A series of dams and locks on the Snake River and Columbia River facilitate barge travel from Lewiston to Portland, where goods are loaded on ocean-going vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://portoflewiston.com/our-port/who-we-are/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Port of Lewiston |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Law and government==
[[File:Boise Idaho.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Idaho State Capitol]] in [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]]]
===State constitution===
{{see also|Idaho Constitutional Convention}}
The constitution of Idaho is roughly modeled on the national constitution, with several additions. The constitution defines the form and functions of the state government, and may be amended through [[plebiscite]]. The state constitution presently requires the state government to maintain a [[balanced budget]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf|title=Constitution of the State of Idaho|website=History.idaho.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200628/https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Idaho Code and Statutes===
All of Idaho's state laws are contained in the Idaho Code and Statutes. The code is amended through the legislature with the approval of the governor. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
Idaho has one of the [[Abortion law in the United States by state|strictest abortion laws in the nation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bendix |first=Aria |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Idaho becomes one of the most extreme anti-abortion states with law restricting travel for abortions |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/idaho-most-extreme-anti-abortion-state-law-restricts-travel-rcna78225 |access-date=April 6, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> In April 2023, the Idaho became the first state to restrict interstate travel for abortion services.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth Nolan |date=2023-04-06 |title=Idaho takes aim at interstate travel for abortion. Health care providers are suing. |url=https://reason.com/2023/04/06/idaho-takes-aim-at-interstate-travel-for-abortion-health-care-providers-are-suing/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2023-04-06 |title=Idaho governor signs 'abortion trafficking' bill into law |url=https://apnews.com/article/idaho-abortion-minors-criminalization-b8fb4b6feb9b520d63f75432a1219588 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> Nearly all abortions are banned and private citizens can sue abortion providers. The Idaho Supreme Court has ruled there is no constitutional right to abortion. A federal judge ruled in 2022 that doctors cannot be punished for performing an abortion to protect a patient's health.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html Tracking the States Where Abortion Is Now Banned], The New York Times, updated May 10, 2023.</ref> The state abortion laws have led to an outmigration of physicians who specialize in maternal/fetal care.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/13/us/idaho-abortion-doctors-drain/index.html , Idaho’s murky abortion law is driving doctors out of the state], Randi Kaye, Stephen Samaniego, CNN, May 13, 2023</ref>
===State government===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}
The constitution of Idaho provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a [[bicameral]] legislature, elected from 35 legislative districts, each represented by one senator and two representatives.
Since 1946, statewide elected constitutional officers have been elected to four-year terms. They include: [[List of Governors of Idaho|Governor]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Idaho|Lieutenant Governor]], [[Secretary of State of Idaho|Secretary of State]], [[Idaho state controller]] (Auditor before 1994), Treasurer, [[Idaho Attorney General|Attorney General]], and Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Last contested in 1966, Inspector of Mines was an originally elected constitutional office. Afterward it was an appointed position and ultimately done away with entirely in 1974.
Idaho's government has an [[Alcoholic beverage control state|alcohol monopoly]]; the [[Idaho State Liquor Division]].
====Executive branch====
{{Further |List of Governors of Idaho||Lieutenant Governor of Idaho|Secretary of State of Idaho}}
The governor of Idaho serves a four-year term and is elected during what is nationally referred to as midterm elections. As such, the governor is not elected in the same election year as the president of the United States. The current governor is [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Brad Little]], who was first elected in 2018 and re-elected in 2022. Idaho is 1 of 13 states with no term limits for Governor.<ref>The other 12 are Washington, Utah, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, & New Hampshire. [https://www.termlimits.com/which-states-have-term-limits-on-governor/]</ref>
====Legislative branch====
{{Main |Idaho Legislature}}
[[File:House of Representatives Chamber, Idaho State Capitol.jpg|thumb|right|Chamber of the House of Representatives in 2018]]
Idaho's [[State legislature (United States)|legislature]] is part-time. Because of this, Idaho's legislators are considered "citizen legislators", meaning their position as a legislator is not their main occupation. However, the session may be extended if necessary, and often is.
Terms for both the [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] and [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] are two years. Legislative elections occur every even numbered year.
Both of Idaho's state legislative chambers have been continuously controlled by Republicans since 1960, although Democratic legislators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, [[Blaine County, Idaho|Blaine County]] and the northern Panhandle.
====Judicial branch====
{{Main |Courts of Idaho}}
The highest court in Idaho is the [[Idaho Supreme Court]]. There is also an intermediate [[appellate court]], the [[Idaho Court of Appeals]], which hears cases assigned to it from the Supreme Court. The state's District Courts serve seven judicial districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isc.idaho.gov/district.htm |title=Idaho District Court Websites |publisher=ISC |place=ID |access-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216011413/http://www.isc.idaho.gov/district.htm |archive-date=December 16, 2008 }}</ref>
====Politics====
{{See also|Political party strength in Idaho|United States presidential elections in Idaho}}{{More citations needed section|date=November 2020}}[[File:Party registration by Idaho county.svg|thumb|Party registration by Idaho county (January 2023):
{{legend|#ffb2b2|2=Republican >= 40%}}
{{legend|#e27f7f|2=Republican >= 50%}}
{{legend|#d75d5d|2=Republican >= 60%}}
{{legend|#d72f30|2=Republican >= 70%}}
{{legend|#c21b18|2=Republican >= 80%}}
{{legend|#80ff80|2=Unaffiliated >= 40%}}
]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Voter Registration Totals as of April 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/voter-registration-totals/|title=Voter Registration Totals|publisher=Idaho Department of State}}</ref>
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Number of Voters
! Percentage
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 584,152
| style="text-align:center;"| 58.39%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|Unaffiliated]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 275,286
| style="text-align:center;"| 27.52%
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 125,521
| style="text-align:center;"| 12.54%
|-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
|[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 11,254
| style="text-align:center;"| 1.12%
|-
| {{party color cell|Constitution Party (United States)}}
|[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4,141
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.41%
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! style="text-align:center;" | 1,000,354
! style="text-align:center;" | 100.00%
|-
|}
{{PresHead|place=Idaho|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=16&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title=Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Idaho|publisher=US Election Atlas|access-date=January 3, 2023|author=Leip, David}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|554,119|287,021|29,203|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|409,055|189,765|91,613|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|420,911|212,787|23,044|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|403,012|236,440|19,002|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|409,235|181,098|8,114|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|336,937|138,637|26,047|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|256,595|165,443|69,681|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|202,645|137,013|142,484|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|253,881|147,272|7,815|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|297,523|108,510|5,111|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|290,699|110,192|36,540|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|204,151|126,549|10,232|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|199,384|80,826|30,169|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|165,369|89,273|36,541|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|143,557|148,920|0|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|161,597|138,853|0|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|166,979|105,868|142|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|180,707|95,081|466|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|101,514|107,370|5,932|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|100,137|107,399|785|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|106,553|127,842|773|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|66,256|125,683|7,678|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|71,417|109,479|5,729|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|97,322|52,926|1,293|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|69,879|24,256|54,160|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|88,975|46,579|70|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|55,368|70,054|9,193|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|32,810|33,921|39,023|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|52,621|36,162|8,510|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|47,783|18,480|6,315|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|27,198|29,414|1,302|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1896|Democratic|6,314|23,135|172|Idaho}}
{{PresFoot|1892|Populist|8,599|0|10,808|Idaho}}
After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], many Midwestern and Southern [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] moved to the [[Idaho Territory]]. As a result, the early territorial legislatures were solidly Democrat-controlled. In contrast, most of the territorial governors were appointed by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidents and were Republicans. This led to sometimes-bitter clashes between the two parties, including a range war with the Democrats backing the sheepherders and the Republicans the cattlemen, which ended in the [[Jack Davis (prospector)|"Diamondfield" Jack Davis]] murder trial. In the 1880s, Republicans became more prominent in local politics.
In 1864, Clinton DeWitt Smith removed the territorial seal and the state constitution from a locked safe, and took them to Boise. This effectively moved the capital from where they were stored ([[Lewiston, Idaho]]) to the current capital, Boise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idahoptv.org/capitoloflight/article-05.cfm|title=Capitol Move or Theft?—Essays—Capitol of Light (Idaho Public Television)|website=Idahotv.org|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200618/http://idahoptv.org/capitoloflight/article-05.cfm|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since statehood, the Republican Party has usually been the dominant party in Idaho. At one time, Idaho had two Democratic parties, one being the mainstream and the other called the Anti-Mormon Democrats, lasting into the early 20th century. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the [[Populist Party (United States)|Populist Party]] enjoyed prominence, while the Democratic Party maintained a brief dominance in the 1930s during the [[Great Depression]]. Since World War{{nbsp}}II, most statewide-elected officials have been Republicans, though the Democrats did hold the majority in the House (by one seat) in 1958 and the governorship from 1971 to 1995.
Idaho Congressional delegations have also been generally Republican since statehood. Several Idaho Democrats have had electoral success in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] over the years, but the [[United States Senate|Senate]] delegation has been a Republican stronghold for decades. Several Idaho Republicans, including current Senators [[Mike Crapo]] and [[Jim Risch]], have won reelection to the Senate, but only [[Frank Church]] has won reelection as a Democrat. Church's [[1974 United States Senate election in Idaho|1974]] victory was the last win for his party for either Senate seat, and [[Walt Minnick]]'s 2008 victory in the [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1st congressional district]] was the last Democratic win in any congressional race.
In modern times, Idaho has been a reliably Republican state in presidential politics. It has not supported a Democrat for [[president of the United States|president]] since [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]]. Even in that election, [[Lyndon Johnson]] defeated [[Barry Goldwater]] in the state by fewer than two percentage points, compared to a landslide nationally. In [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]], Republican [[George W. Bush]] carried Idaho by a margin of 38 percentage points and with 68.4% of the vote, winning in 43 of 44 counties. Only [[Blaine County, Idaho|Blaine County]], which contains the [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]] ski resort, supported [[John Kerry]], who owns a home in the area. In [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] [[Barack Obama]]'s 36.1 percent<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.idsos.state.id.us/elect/RESULTS/2008/general/tot_stwd.htm | place = ID | publisher = Secretary of State Election Division | date = November 4, 2008 | title = General Election Results | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215210242/http://www.idsos.state.id.us/ELECT/RESULTS/2008/general/tot_stwd.htm | archive-date = December 15, 2008}}.</ref> showing was the best for a Democratic presidential candidate in Idaho since [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]. However, Republican margins were narrower in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] and [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]].
In the 2006 elections, Republicans, led by gubernatorial candidate [[C. L. Otter|Butch Otter]], won all the state's constitutional offices and retained both of the state's seats in the House. However, Democrats picked up several seats in the Idaho Legislature, notably in the Boise area.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ncsl.org/ncsldb/elect98/profile.cfm?yearsel=2006&statesel=ID |publisher=NCSL |title=Elections 1 998 |type=profile |year=2006 |contribution=ID |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501023622/http://www.ncsl.org/ncsldb/elect98/profile.cfm?yearsel=2006&statesel=ID |archive-date=May 1, 2009 }}</ref>
Republicans lost one of the House seats in 2008 to Minnick, but Republican [[Jim Risch]] retained [[Larry Craig]]'s Senate seat for the GOP by a comfortable margin.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/results/ENR/statewide_total.html |year=2008 |contribution=Statewide totals |title=Election |type=results |place=ID |publisher=State government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220191630/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/results/ENR/statewide_total.html |archive-date=February 20, 2015 }}</ref> Minnick lost his seat in the 2010 election to Republican State Rep. [[Raul Labrador]].
Idaho retains the [[death penalty]]. Pending the outcome of a legal challenge on a bill passed on 20 March 2023, authorized methods of execution include the [[Firing Squad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/idaho-firing-squad-executions-410bd284ffbdb50d3b4a162fe8088dad | title=Idaho poised to allow firing-squad executions in some cases | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=March 20, 2023 }}</ref>
==Education==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
===K–12===
{{see also|List of school districts in Idaho}}
As of January 2020, the State of Idaho contains 105 [[school district]]s<ref>{{cite web |title=School Districts |url=https://www.idaho.gov/education/school-districts/ |website=idaho.gov |publisher=State of Idaho |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121052701/https://www.idaho.gov/education/school-districts/ |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> and 62 [[charter school]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charter School List |url=https://www.sde.idaho.gov/school-choice/charter/files/idaho-schools/List-of-Charter-Schools.pdf |website=sde.idaho.gov |publisher=Idaho State Department of Education |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121052532/https://www.sde.idaho.gov/school-choice/charter/files/idaho-schools/List-of-Charter-Schools.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> The school districts range in enrollment from two to 39,507 students.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter-School |url=https://www.sde.idaho.gov/finance/files/attendance-enrollment/enrollment/Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter.xlsx |website=sde.idaho.gov |publisher=Idaho State Department of Education |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121054528/https://www.sde.idaho.gov/finance/files/attendance-enrollment/enrollment/Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter.xlsx |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref>
Idaho school districts are governed by elected school boards, which are elected in November of odd-numbered years,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Richert |first1=Kevin |title=Coming Tuesday: A First-of-its-kind School Election Day |url=https://www.idahoednews.org/news/coming-tuesday-a-first-of-its-kind-school-election-day/ |website=idahoednews.org |date=October 31, 2019 |publisher=Idaho Ed News |access-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> except for the [[Boise School District]], whose elections are held in September.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ward |first1=Xavier |title=Boise School District could align with election calendar, but opts not to |url=https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/boise-school-district-could-align-with-election-calendar-but-opts/article_1db06dab-e768-5307-b052-65424a35053e.html |website=idahopress.com |date=January 19, 2019 |publisher=Idaho Press |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123175059/https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/boise-school-district-could-align-with-election-calendar-but-opts/article_1db06dab-e768-5307-b052-65424a35053e.html |archive-date=January 23, 2019}}</ref>
===Colleges and universities===
[[File:Spori Building.jpg|right|thumb|The Jacob Spori Building at [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] in Rexburg]]
[[File:Idaho State University.jpg|thumb|right|[[Idaho State University]] in [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]]]]
[[File:UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png|thumb|right|[[University of Idaho]] [[University of Idaho Arboretum and Botanical Garden|Arboretum]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]]]]
The Idaho State Board of Education oversees three comprehensive universities.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://boardofed.idaho.gov/board-facts/board-governance-structure/state-public-education-institutions/| title = Public Education Institutions {{!}} Idaho State Board of Education}}</ref> The [[University of Idaho]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]] was the first university in the state (founded in 1889). It opened its doors in 1892 and is the [[Land-grant university|land-grant institution]] and primary research university of the state. [[Idaho State University]] in Pocatello opened in 1901 as the Academy of Idaho, attained four-year status in 1947 and university status in 1963. [[Boise State University]] is the most recent school to attain university status in Idaho. The school opened in 1932 as Boise Junior College and became Boise State University in 1974. [[Lewis-Clark State College]] in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] is the only public, non-university four-year college in Idaho. It opened as a [[normal school]] in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History & Overview - Office of the President {{!}} Lewis-Clark State |url=https://www.lcsc.edu/president/history-overview |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Lewis-Clark State College |language=en-US}}</ref>
Idaho has four regional community colleges: [[North Idaho College]] in [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]]; [[College of Southern Idaho]] in [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]]; [[College of Western Idaho]] in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], which opened in 2009, [[College of Eastern Idaho]] in [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], which transitioned from a [[technical college]] in 2017.
Private institutions in Idaho are [[Boise Bible College]], affiliated with congregations of the [[Christian churches and churches of Christ]]; [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] in [[Rexburg, Idaho|Rexburg]], which is affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a [[sister college]] to [[Brigham Young University]]; The [[College of Idaho]] in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], which still maintains a loose affiliation with the Presbyterian Church; [[Northwest Nazarene University]] in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]]; and [[New Saint Andrews College]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], of reformed Christian theological background. [[McCall College]] is a non-affiliated two-year private college in [[McCall, Idaho|McCall]], which was founded in 2011 and later opened in 2013.
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Boise Bible College]]
* [[Boise State University]]
* [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] (formerly Ricks College)
* [[College of Idaho]] (formerly Albertson College of Idaho)
* [[College of Southern Idaho]]
* [[College of Western Idaho]]
* [[College of Eastern Idaho]]
* [[Idaho State University]]
* [[Lewis-Clark State College]]
* [[McCall College]]
* [[New Saint Andrews College]]
* [[North Idaho College]]
* [[Northwest Nazarene University]]
* [[University of Idaho]]
}}
==Sports==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
Central Idaho is home to one of North America's oldest [[ski resorts]], [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]], where the world's first [[chairlift]] was installed in 1936.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Engber|first1=Daniel|title=Who Made That Ski Lift?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/magazine/who-made-that-ski-lift.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 21, 2014|access-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717205054/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/magazine/who-made-that-ski-lift.html?_r=0|archive-date=July 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Other noted outdoor sites include [[Hells Canyon]], the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], and its embarkation point of [[Riggins, Idaho|Riggins]].
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;;"
|-
! Club
! Sport
! League
|-
| [[Boise Hawks]]
| align=center|[[Minor League Baseball|Baseball]]
| align=center|[[Pioneer League (baseball)|Pioneer League]]
|-
| [[Boise State Broncos]]
| align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
| align=center|[[Football Bowl Subdivision|Div I FBS]], [[Mountain West Conference|MWC]]
|-
|[[Idaho Vandals]]
| align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
| align=center|[[Football Championship Subdivision|Div I FCS]], [[Big Sky Conference|Big Sky]]
|-
|[[Idaho State Bengals]]
|align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
|align=center|[[Football Championship Subdivision|Div I FCS]], [[Big Sky Conference|Big Sky]]
|-
|[[Idaho Falls Chukars]]
|align=center|[[Minor League Baseball|Baseball]]
|align=center|[[Pioneer League (baseball)|Pioneer League]]
|-
|[[Idaho Steelheads]]
|align=center|[[Minor league ice hockey|Ice hockey]]
|align=center|[[ECHL]]
|-
|Idaho Falls Spud Kings
|align=center|[[Minor league ice hockey|Ice hockey]]
|align=center|[[United States Premier Hockey League|USPHL]]
|}
The [[Boise Open]] professional golf tournament has been played at [[Hillcrest Country Club (Boise, Idaho)|Hillcrest Country Club]] since 1990 as part of the [[Korn Ferry Tour]]. The Open has been part of the [[Korn Ferry Tour Finals]] since 2016.
High school sports are overseen by the [[Idaho High School Activities Association]] (IHSAA).
In 2016, Meridian's Michael Slagowski ran 800 meters in 1:48.70. That is one of the 35 fastest 800-meter times ever run by a high school boy in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milesplit.com/rankings/events/high-school-boys/outdoor-track-and-field/800m?year=all|title=United States High School Boys Rankings {{!}} Outdoor Track And Field All-Time800 Meter Run|website=MileSplit United States|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
==In popular culture==
The 1980 film ''[[Bronco Billy]]'' filmed in [[Boise, Idaho]] for two months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokane Daily Chronicle - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FKQSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LvkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1783,1095239 |access-date=2023-07-06 }}</ref> The 1985 film ''[[Pale Rider]]'' was primarily filmed in the [[Boulder Mountains (Idaho)|Boulder Mountains]] and the [[Sawtooth National Recreation Area]] in central Idaho, just north of [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]].<ref name=efgbsy>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wiEuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556%2C3111152 |newspaper=Spokane Chronicle |location=Washington |title=Eastwood film gives boost |agency=Associated Press |date=November 30, 1984 |page=12 |access-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411135828/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wiEuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556,3111152 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[River Phoenix]] and [[Keanu Reeves]] starred in the 1991 movie ''[[My Own Private Idaho]]'', portions of which take place in Idaho.<ref name="Robb, Brian">{{cite news | last = Robb | first = Brian J | title = River Phoenix: A Short Life | publisher = Perennial | year = 1995 }}</ref><ref name="Greenberg, Harvey">{{cite news | last = Greenberg | first = Harvey | title = ''My Own Private Idaho'' | work = Film Quarterly | date =Fall 1992 }}</ref> The 2004 [[cult film]] ''[[Napoleon Dynamite]]'' takes place in [[Preston, Idaho]]; the film's director, [[Jared Hess]], attended [[Preston High School (Idaho)|Preston High School]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.localnews8.com/news/kifi-top-story/a-look-at-preston-10-years-after-napoleon-dynamite/58540729 |title=A look at Preston 10 years after 'Napoleon Dynamite' |last=Berg |first=Tyler |date=June 27, 2014 |publisher=KIFI |access-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004604/http://www.localnews8.com/news/kifi-top-story/a-look-at-preston-10-years-after-napoleon-dynamite/58540729 |archive-date=January 29, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|Idaho|Pacific Northwest}}
* [[Index of Idaho-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Idaho]]
* [[USS Idaho|USS ''Idaho'']], five ships
==Explanatory notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Schwantes, Carlos A. ''In mountain shadows: A history of Idaho'' (U of Nebraska Press, 1991). [https://archive.org/details/inmountainshadow0000schw online]
* Schwantes, Carlos A. ''The Pacific Northwest: an interpretive history'' (U of Nebraska Press, 1996).
*{{cite book
| last = Sims
| first = Robert C.
|author2=Hope A. Benedict
| title = Idaho's Governors
| publisher = College of Social Sciences and Public Affairs, Boise State University
| year = 1992
| location = Boise, Idaho
| isbn = 0-932129-13-7}}
* Stapilus, Randy. ''Idaho Myths and Legends: The True Stories Behind History's Mysteries'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EX3IDwAAQBAJ&dq=HISTORY+IDAHO&pg=PR3 online]
==External links==
{{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}}
* {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}.
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress]
* {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}}
* {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}.
* {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}.
* {{osmrelation-inline|162116}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}}
{{s-end}}
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[[Category:Idaho| ]]
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{{Use American English|date = August 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox U.S. state
| name = Idaho
| official_name =
| native_name =
| image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Idaho
| image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg
| image_map = Idaho in United States.svg
| nickname = The Gem State (official), The Potato State
| motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] for "Let it be perpetual")<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref>
| anthem = "[[Here We Have Idaho]]"
| Former = [[Oregon Territory]], [[Washington Territory]], [[Idaho Territory]]
| population_demonym = Idahoan
| seat = [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]
| OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| LargestCity = capital
| LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]]
| LargestMetro =
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Brad Little]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Scott Bedke]] (R)}}
| Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]]
| Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]]
| Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R)
| Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R)
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref>
| IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]]
| postal_code = ID
| area_rank = 11th
| area_total_sq_mi = 83,569<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 216,443
| area_land_sq_mi = 82,643
| area_land_km2 = 214,045
| area_water_sq_mi = 926
| area_water_km2 = 2,398
| area_water_percent = 1.11
| population_rank = 38th
| 2010Pop = 1,964,726
| population_density_rank = 44th
| AdmittanceOrder = 43rd
| AdmittanceDate = July 3, 1890
| timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]]
| utc_offset1 = −07:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = −06:00
| timezone1_location = primary
| timezone2 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset2 = −08:00
| timezone2_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset2_DST = −07:00
| timezone2_location = [[Idaho Panhandle]]
| Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]]
| Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W
| width_mi = 305
| width_km = 491
| length_mi = 479
| length_km = 771
| elevation_max_point = [[Borah Peak]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}}
| elevation_max_ft = 12,662
| elevation_max_m = 3,859
| elevation_ft = 5,000
| elevation_m = 1,520
| elevation_min_point = Confluence of [[Snake River|Snake]] and [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]]; [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]]<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}}
| elevation_min_ft = 713
| elevation_min_m = 217
| iso_code = US-ID
| website = idaho.gov
| 2010DensityUS = 23.63
| 2010Density = 8.33
| Capital =
| Representatives =
}}
fortnite was mad in idaho people made btd6 in idaho, 👺👺👺👺👺👺👺{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
| image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg
| image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg
| state = Idaho
| amphibian = [[Tiger salamander]] (''Ambystoma tigrinum'')
| bird = {{ubl|[[Mountain bluebird]] (''Sialia currucoides'')|'''Raptor:''' [[Peregrine falcon]] (''Falco peregrinus'')}}
| butterfly =
| crustacean =
| fish = [[Cutthroat trout]] (''Oncorhynchus clarkii'')
| flower = Syringa (''[[Philadelphus lewisii]]'')
| horse = [[Appaloosa]]
| insect = [[Monarch butterfly]] (''Danaus plexippus'')
| mammal =
| reptile =
| tree = [[Western white pine]] (''Pinus monticola'')
| beverage =
| colors =
| dance = [[Square dance]]
| food = {{ubl|'''Fruit:''' [[Huckleberry]]|'''Vegetable:''' [[Potato]]}}
| fossil = [[Hagerman horse]] (''Equus simplicidens'')
| gemstone = [[Star garnet]]
| mineral =
| instrument =
| poem =
| rock =
| shell =
| soil = [[Threebear (soil)|Threebear]]
| sport =
| toy =
| image_route = Idaho_75.svg
| image_quarter =
| quarter_release_date = 2007
}}
'''Im a hoe''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) is a ligmalocked [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Mountain states|Mountain West]] subregion of the [[United States]]. It shares a small portion of the [[Canada–United States border]] to the north, with the province of [[British Columbia]]. It borders [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]] to the east, [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]] to the south, and [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]] to the west. The [[US state capitals|state's capital]] and largest city is [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]. With an area of {{convert|83569|sqmi|km2|abbr=}}, Idaho is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|14th largest]] state by land area. With a population of approximately 1.8 million, it ranks as the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|13th least populous]] and the [[List of U.S. states by population density|7th least densely populated]] of the [[List of US states|50 U.S. states]].
For thousands of years, and prior to European colonization, Idaho has been inhabited by [[Native Americans in the United States|native peoples]]. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the [[Oregon Country]], an area of dispute between the U.S. and the [[British Empire]]. It officially became [[Territories of the United States|a U.S. territory]] with the signing of the [[Oregon Treaty|Oregon Treaty of 1846]], but a separate [[Idaho Territory]] was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in [[Oregon Territory]] and [[Washington Territory]]. Idaho was eventually [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] on July 3, 1890, becoming the [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|43rd state]].
Forming part of the Pacific Northwest (and the associated [[Cascadia (bioregion)|Cascadia bioregion]]), Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. The state's north, the relatively isolated [[Idaho Panhandle]], is closely linked with [[Eastern Washington]], with which it shares the [[Pacific Time Zone]]—the rest of the state uses the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. The state's south includes the [[Snake River Plain]] (which has most of the population and agricultural land), and the southeast incorporates part of the [[Great Basin]]. Idaho is quite mountainous and contains several stretches of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. The [[United States Forest Service]] holds about 38% of Idaho's land, the highest proportion of any state.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref>
Industries significant for the state economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism. Several science and technology firms are either headquartered in Idaho or have factories there, and the state also contains the [[Idaho National Laboratory]], which is the country's largest [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] facility. Idaho's agricultural sector supplies many products, but the state is best known for [[Idaho potato|its potato crop]], which comprises around one-third of the nationwide yield. The [[List of U.S. state nicknames|official state nickname]] is the "Gem State."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf |title= Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863 |last= Wells |first= Merle W |access-date= January 16, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf |archive-date= April 6, 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref>
==Etymology==
The name's origin remains a mystery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich |title=Idaho—its meaning, origin and application |last=Rees |first=John E |orig-year=1868 |year=1928 |publisher=Internet Archive |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020406/http://www.archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early 1860s, when the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] was considering organizing a new territory in the [[Rocky Mountains]], the name "Idaho" was suggested by [[George M. Willing]], a politician posing as an unrecognized delegate from the unofficial [[Jefferson Territory]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax |title=Did Idaho Get Its Name As a Result of a Hoax? |publisher=Museum of hoaxes |date=April 25, 2006 |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025133736/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax |archive-date=October 25, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Willing claimed that the name was derived from a [[Shoshone language|Shoshone]] term meaning "the sun comes from the mountains" or "gem of the mountains",<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Idaho |publisher=MSN |encyclopedia=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028131844/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html |archive-date=October 28, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but it was revealed later that there was no such term and Willing claimed that he had been inspired to coin the name when he met a little girl named ''Ida''.<ref name="Ellis">{{Cite journal |last=Ellis |first=Erl H. |title=Idaho |journal=Western Folklore |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=317–9 |date=October 1951 |doi=10.2307/1496073 |jstor=1496073}}</ref> Since the name appeared to be fabricated, the U.S. Congress ultimately decided to name the area [[Colorado Territory]] instead when it was created in February 1861, but by the time this decision was made, the town of [[Idaho Springs, Colorado]] had already been named after Willing's proposal.
The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called [[Idaho County, Idaho|Idaho County]] was created in eastern [[Washington Territory]]. The county was named after a [[steamboat|steamship]] named ''Idaho'', which was launched on the [[Columbia River]] in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing's claim was revealed. Regardless, part of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create [[Idaho Territory]] in 1863.<ref>{{Citation |publisher=[[Idaho State University]] |url=http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf |contribution=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863 |title=Idaho Museum of Natural History |access-date=March 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065016/http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}.</ref> Idaho Territory would later change its boundaries to the area that became the U.S. state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=uslaw.link |url=https://uslaw.link/citation/stat/12/808 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=uslaw.link}}</ref>
==History==
{{main |History of Idaho}}
Humans may have been present in the Idaho area as long as 14,500 years ago. Excavations at [[Wilson Butte Cave]] near [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]] in 1959 revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] peoples predominant in the area included the [[Nez Perce people|Nez Percé]] in the north and the Northern and Western [[Shoshone]] in the south.<ref name = natgeo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/|title=15,000-year-old Idaho archaeology site now among America's oldest|date=August 29, 2019|website=Culture & History|access-date=September 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905110333/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/|archive-date=September 5, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
A Late [[Upper Paleolithic]] site was identified at Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho near the town of [[Cottonwood, Idaho|Cottonwood]] by archaeologists in 2019. Based on evidence found at the site, first people lived in this area 15,300 to 16,600 years ago, predating the [[Beringia]] land bridge by about a thousand years. The discoverers emphasized that they possess similarities with tools and artifacts discovered in [[Japan]] that date from 16,000 to 13,000 years ago.<ref name = natgeo/><ref name = science>{{Cite journal|last1=G. Davis|first1=Loren|last2=B. Madsen|first2=David|last3=Higham|first3=Thomas Higham|date=2019|title=Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper's Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago|journal=Science|volume=365|issue=6456|pages=891–897|doi=10.1126/science.aax9830|pmid=31467216|bibcode=2019Sci...365..891D|s2cid=201672463|doi-access=free}}</ref> The discovery also showed that the first people might not have come to [[North America]] by land, as previously theorized. On the contrary, they probably came through the water, using a [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coastal route.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html|title=Idaho artifacts show human presence in Americas 16,600 years ago|website=news.yahoo.com|date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=September 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901181706/https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html|archive-date=September 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=The most parsimonious explanation we think is that people came down the Pacific Coast, and as they encountered the mouth of the Columbia River, they essentially found an off-ramp from this coastal migration and also found their first viable interior route to the areas that are south of the ice sheet.<ref name = science/>||sign=|source=}}
An early presence of French-Canadian trappers is visible in names and [[toponym]]s: ''Nez Percé, Cœur d'Alène, Boisé, Payette''. Some of these names appeared prior to the [[Lewis and Clark]] and [[Pacific Fur Company|Astorian]] expeditions, which included significant numbers of French and [[Métis]] guides recruited for their familiarity with the terrain.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Idaho, as part of the [[Oregon Country]], was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain until the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction in 1846. From 1843 to 1859, present-day Idaho was under the de facto jurisdiction of the [[Provisional Government of Oregon]]. When Oregon became a state in 1859, what is now Idaho was situated in what remained of the original Oregon Territory, designated as the Washington Territory.
Between 1849 and the creation of the [[Idaho Territory]] in 1863, parts of present-day Idaho were included in the [[Oregon Territory|Oregon]], [[Washington Territory|Washington]], and [[Dakota Territory|Dakota]] Territories. The new Idaho territory included present-day Idaho, [[Montana]], and most of [[Wyoming]]. The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed Idaho in 1805 on the way to the Pacific, and in 1806, on the return trip, largely following the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] in both directions. The first non-indigenous settlement was [[Kullyspell House]], established on the shore of [[Lake Pend Oreille]] in 1809 by [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] of the [[North West Company]] for fur trading.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson |title=David Thompson's Trading Post |website=Idaho Forts |publisher=American Forts Network |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813155304/http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson |archive-date=August 13, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Meinig |first=DW |author-link=D.W. Meinig |title=The Great Columbia Plain |orig-year=1968 |series=Weyerhaeuser Environmental Classic |year=1995 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-97485-9 |pages=36, 55}}</ref> In 1812 [[Donald Mackenzie (explorer)|Donald Mackenzie]], working for the [[Pacific Fur Company]] at the time, established a post on the lower Clearwater River near present-day Lewiston. This post, known as "MacKenzie's Post" or "Clearwater", operated until the Pacific Fur Company was bought out by the North West Company in 1813, after which the post was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf |title=Fur Trade Posts in Idaho |publisher=Idaho State Historical Society |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930220652/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf |archive-date=September 30, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#clear |title=Donald MacKenzie's Post |website=Idaho Forts |publisher=American Forts Network |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813155304/http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#clear |archive-date=August 13, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first organized non-indigenous communities within the present borders of Idaho were established by [[Mormon pioneers]] in 1860.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.franklinidaho.org/History2.htm |title=An Early History of Franklin |last=Bennett |first=Eldon T. |publisher=Franklin, ID |access-date=May 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513005934/http://www.franklinidaho.org/History2.htm |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0008.pdf |title=Elias Davidson Pierce and the Founding of Pierce |date=August 1966 |publisher=Idaho State Historical Society |access-date=May 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528121225/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0008.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first permanent, substantial [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] community was Lewiston, in 1861. Early in its history, Idaho saw a large influx of [[Chinese Americans|Chinese immigrants]], who by 1870 made up about 28.5% of the territory's population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Significance of Asians and Asian Americans in Idaho History |url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class/anthrolab/collections/aacc/significance |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.uidaho.edu |language=en}}</ref>
Idaho achieved statehood in 1890, following a difficult start as a territory, including the chaotic transfer of the territorial capital from [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] to [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0048.pdf |title=Territorial Government in Idaho, 1863–1869 |series=Reference |number=48 |place=ID, [[United States of America|US]] |publisher=State Historical Society |year=1968 |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002124302/http://www.history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0048.pdf |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[disenfranchisement]] of [[Mormon]] [[polygamist]]s upheld by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in 1890,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nboman.people.wm.edu/MormonsEUSC.pdf |title=Mormon |type=entry |website=The Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States |first=David S |last=Tanenhaus |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628164120/http://nboman.people.wm.edu/MormonsEUSC.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a federal attempt to split the territory between Washington Territory, which gained statehood in 1889, a year before Idaho, and the state of [[Nevada]] which had been a state since 1864.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state|title=Idaho becomes 43rd state—Jul 03, 1890—HISTORY.com|work=HISTORY.com|access-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102053717/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state|archive-date=November 2, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the [[Pacific Northwest]] states during the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |year=1991 |title=In Mountain Shadows: a History of Idaho |location=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press}}</ref> Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only ten cents compared to 1919 for $1.51, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.<ref>{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=Randall |year=2004 |title=A political dynasty in North Idaho, 1933–1967 |publisher=University Press |isbn=978-0-7618-2842-6 |page=7}}</ref>
In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ieda.biz/white.html |title=The Power of Idaho |type=whitepaper |year=2004 |place=ID |publisher=Economic Development Association |access-date=October 7, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013194422/http://ieda.biz/white.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Idaho enacted statewide crisis standards of care as COVID-19 patients overwhelmed hospitals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=erusby@idahopress.com|first=ERIN BANKS RUSBY|title=Idaho issues crisis standards of care statewide|url=https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/idaho-issues-crisis-standards-of-care-statewide/article_6ba90621-f076-504a-8b74-059422f64272.html|access-date=2021-10-10|website=Idaho Press|date=September 16, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The state had one of the lowest vaccination rates in the country as of mid-October 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-17|title=See How Vaccinations Are Going in Your County and State|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html|access-date=2021-10-10|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Idaho}}
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
Idaho shares a border with six U.S. states and one Canadian province. The states of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]] are to the west, [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]] are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of [[British Columbia]] to the north.<ref>{{cite web |title=Map of Idaho |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/USA/idaho_map.htm}}</ref>
The landscape is rugged, with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,010 ha), the [[Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area]] is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the continental United States. Idaho is a [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, vast lakes and steep canyons. The waters of the [[Snake River]] run through [[Hells Canyon]], the deepest gorge in the United States. [[Shoshone Falls]] falls down cliffs from a height greater than [[Niagara Falls]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Idaho Travel Guide by Visit Idaho - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/visitidaho/docs/2015-travel-guide |website=issuu.com |date=February 13, 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
By far, the most important river in Idaho is the Snake River, a major tributary of the Columbia River. The Snake River flows from [[Yellowstone]] in northwestern [[Wyoming]] through the [[Snake River Plain]] in southern Idaho before turning north, leaving the state at [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] before joining the Columbia in [[Kennewick]]. Other major rivers are the [[Clark Fork (river)|Clark Fork]]/[[Pend Oreille River]], the [[Spokane River]], and, many major tributaries of the Snake River, including the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]], the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], the [[Boise River]], and the [[Payette River]]. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], at the confluence of the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater]] and the Snake Rivers is the farthest inland [[seaport]] on the West Coast at 465 [[river mile]]s from the Pacific at [[Astoria, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |title=Port of Lewiston |publisher=US history |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622052243/http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Grand Canyon of yellowstone.jpg|thumb|upright|A portion of Yellowstone national Park is located in Idaho. The other parts are in Montana and Wyoming.]]
The vast majority of Idaho's population lives in the Snake River Plain, a valley running from across the entirety of southern Idaho from east to west. The valley contains the major cities of [[Boise]], [[Meridian, Idaho|Meridian]], [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], [[Idaho Falls]], and [[Pocatello]]. The plain served as an easy pass through the Rocky Mountains for westward-bound settlers on the [[Oregon Trail]], and many settlers chose to settle the area rather than risking the treacherous route through the [[Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest)|Blue Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] to the west. The western region of the plain is known as the [[Treasure Valley]], bound between the [[Owyhee Mountains]] to the southwest and the [[Boise Mountains]] to the northeast. The central region of the Snake River Plain is known as the [[Magic Valley]].
Idaho's highest point is [[Borah Peak]], {{convert|12662|ft|0|abbr=on}}, in the [[Lost River Range]] north of [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]]. Idaho's lowest point, {{convert|710|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, is in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], where the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] joins the [[Snake River]] and continues into Washington. The [[Sawtooth Range (Idaho)|Sawtooth Range]] is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |title= Sawtooth Range |publisher= Idaho climbing guide |access-date= July 30, 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075042/http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |archive-date= June 15, 2011}}</ref> Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the [[Bitterroot Range]], the [[White Cloud Mountains]], the [[Lost River Range]], the [[Clearwater Mountains]], and the [[Salmon River Mountains]].
[[Salmon-Challis National Forest]] is located in the east central sections of the state, with Salmon National Forest to the north and Challis National Forest to the south. The forest is in an area known as the Idaho Cobalt Belt, which consists of a {{convert|34|mile|km|adj=}} long [[geological formation]] of [[sedimentary rock]] that contains some of the largest [[cobalt]] deposits in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho Is Sitting on One of the Most Important Elements on Earth |author=Michael Holtz |date=24 Jan 2022 |website=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/cobalt-clean-energy-climate-change-idaho/621321/}}</ref>
Idaho has two [[Time in the United States|time zones]], with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and [[Nevada]]. Southern Idaho, including the [[Boise metropolitan area]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], are in the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. A legislative error ({{usctc|15|6}} §264) theoretically placed this region in the [[Central Time Zone]], but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |id=264 |title=Part of Idaho in fourth zone |publisher=House of representatives |place=Washington, D.C., U.S. |website=U.S. Code |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125180343/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2006 }}</ref> Areas north of the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], including [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]], are in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
===Climate===
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Idaho.png|left|thumb|300x300px|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Idaho, using 1991–2020 [[Climatological normal|climate normals]]]]
Idaho's [[climate]] varies widely. Although the state's western border is about {{convert |330|mi|-1}} from the Pacific Ocean, the maritime influence is still felt in Idaho; especially, in the winter when cloud cover, [[humidity]], and [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] are at their maximum extent. This influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would otherwise be expected for a northern state with predominantly high elevations.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm | title = Climate of Idaho | website = WRCC | publisher = DRI | date = February 20, 1954 | access-date = July 30, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110909133342/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm | archive-date = September 9, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> In the panhandle, moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the [[North Central Rockies forests]], creating the [[North American inland temperate rainforest]].<ref>{{cite web| last =Woodward| first = Susan L.| title = Inland Rainforests of the Northwest| publisher = Radford University| date= 2012–2015| url = https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=2286| access-date = May 4, 2021}}</ref> The maritime influence is least prominent in the state's eastern part where the precipitation patterns are often reversed, with wetter summers and drier winters, and seasonal temperature differences are more extreme, showing a more semi-arid [[continental climate]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm|title=Climate of Idaho|website=Western Regional Climate Center|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120183856/https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm|archive-date=November 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over {{convert|98|°F|°C|abbr=on}} are rare, except for the lowest point in elevation, [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], which correspondingly sees little snow. Hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since, for most of the state, the highest [[Day|diurnal]] difference in temperature is often in the summer.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm |title= Climate of Idaho |website= WRCC—DRI |date= February 20, 1954 |access-date= January 23, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170221052600/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm |archive-date= February 21, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref> Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual. Idaho's all-time highest temperature of {{convert|118|F|C}} was recorded at [[Orofino, Idaho|Orofino]] on July 28, 1934; the all-time lowest temperature of {{convert|-60|F|C}} was recorded at [[Island Park Dam]] on January 18, 1943.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;background:#E8EAFA;" |Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Idaho cities. (°F)
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;" | City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | Boise
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/24
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 45/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 55/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/46
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 81/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 91/59
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 90/59
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 79/50
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 65/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 48/31
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/23
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;" | Lewiston
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 42/30
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 47/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 55/36
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 62/41
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 72/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 79/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 91/61
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 90/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 80/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 63/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 49/35
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 41/30
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | Pocatello
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 33/16
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/19
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 49/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 59/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 68/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 78/46
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 88/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 88/51
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 76/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 45/24
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 33/16
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;" | Orofino
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 38/25
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 46/28
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 55/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 64/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 72/44
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 80/50
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 89/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 90/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 79/45
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 63/36
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 46/31
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;" | 37/26
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;" |''<ref>{{Citation | title = Weather Idaho | url = http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-idaho/ | publisher = US travel weather | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070705032338/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-idaho/ | archive-date = July 5, 2007}}.</ref>''
|}
===Lakes and rivers===
{{See also|List of rivers of Idaho}}
[[File:Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Coeur d'Alene]] in North Idaho]]
[[File:Redfish lake.JPG|thumb|right|[[Redfish Lake]] in central Idaho]]
[[File:Checkerboard forest in Idaho.jpg|alt=Priest River winds through mountains with a checkerboard design of trees to its east|thumb|[[Priest River]] winding through Whitetail Butte]]
<!-- Only notable from full list -->
{{div col|content=
* [[Clark Fork River]]
* [[Alturas Lake]]
* [[Bear River (Great Salt Lake)|Bear River]]
* [[Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)]]
* [[Boise River]]
* [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]]
* [[Hayden Lake]]
* [[Henry's Lake]]
* [[Kootenai River]]
* [[Lake Cascade]]
* [[Lake Cleveland]]
* [[Lake Coeur d'Alene]]
* [[Lake Lowell]]
* [[Lake Walcott]]
* [[Lake Pend Oreille|Pend Oreille]] - Largest in Idaho
* [[Little Redfish Lake]]
* [[Lucky Peak Lake]]
* [[Moyie River]]
* [[North Fork Clearwater River]]
* [[Pack River]]
* [[Payette Lake]], (McCall)
* [[Pettit Lake]]
* [[Priest Lake]]
* [[Perkins Lake]]
* [[Portneuf River (Idaho)|Portneuf River]]
* [[Redfish Lake]]
* [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]]
* [[Sawtooth Lake]]
* [[Snake River]] - Longest
* [[Stanley Lake]]
* [[St. Joe River]]
* [[Warm Lake]]
}}
===Protected areas===
{{See also|National Parks in Idaho}}
As of 2018:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stateparks.com/idaho_parks_and_recreation_destinations.html|title=List of parks in Idaho|website=www.stateparks.com}}</ref>
====National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites====
{{Div col}}
* [[Salmon-Challis National Forest]]
* [[California National Historic Trail]]
* [[City of Rocks National Reserve]]
* [[Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve]]
* [[Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument]]
* [[Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail]]
* [[Minidoka National Historic Site]]
* [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
* [[Oregon National Historic Trail]]
* [[Yellowstone National Park]]
* [[Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail]]
{{Div col end}}
====National recreation areas====
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Hells Canyon National Recreation Area]]
* [[Sawtooth National Recreation Area]]
}}
====National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas====
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Camas National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Frank Church–River of No Return Wilderness|Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness Area]]
* [[Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge]]
* [[Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge]]
}}
====National conservation areas====
* [[Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area]]
[[File:DSCN6179 bearlake e.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)|Bear Lake]] viewed from [[Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)|Bear Lake State Park]]]]
====State parks====
[[File:Bruneau Dunes State Park.jpg|thumb|[[Bruneau Dunes State Park]]]]
{{See also|List of Idaho state parks}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)|Bear Lake State Park]]
* [[Bruneau Dunes State Park]]
* [[Castle Rocks State Park]]
* [[City of Rocks National Reserve]]
* [[Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park]]
* [[Dworshak State Park]]
* [[Eagle Island State Park (Idaho)|Eagle Island State Park]]
* [[Farragut State Park]]
* [[Harriman State Park (Idaho)|Harriman State Park]]
* [[Hells Gate State Park]]
* [[Henrys Lake State Park]]
* [[Heyburn State Park]]
* [[Lake Cascade State Park]]
* [[Lake Walcott State Park]]
* [[Land of the Yankee Fork State Park]]
* [[Lucky Peak State Park]]
* [[Massacre Rocks State Park]]
* [[McCroskey State Park]]
* [[Old Mission State Park]]
* [[Ponderosa State Park]]
* [[Priest Lake State Park]]
* [[Round Lake State Park]]
* [[Thousand Springs State Park]]
* [[Three Island Crossing State Park]]
* [[Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes]]
* [[Winchester Lake State Park]]
}}
==Demographics==
===Population===
[[File:Idaho population map.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Idaho population density map]]
{{US Census population
|1870= 14999
|1880= 32610
|1890= 88548
|1900= 161772
|1910= 325594
|1920= 431866
|1930= 445032
|1940= 524873
|1950= 588637
|1960= 667191
|1970= 712567
|1980= 943935
|1990= 1006749
|2000= 1293953
|2010= 1567582
|2020= 1839106
|estyear= 2023
|estimate= 1964726
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ID,adacountyidaho/PST045221 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<br/>2023<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Population Trends Return to Pre-Pandemic Norms as More States Gain Population|website=Census Bureau QuickFacts |date=2022-12-19
|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/state/totals/NST-EST2023-POP.xlsx|access-date=2023-12-19}}</ref>
}}
The [[United States Census Bureau]] determined Idaho's population was 1,900,923 on July 1, 2021, a 21% increase since the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ID,adacountyidaho/PST045221|title=QuickFacts Idaho; UNITED STATES|website=2018 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=March 10, 2019|access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064053/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/id,US/PST045218|archive-date=January 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho had an estimated population of 1,754,208 in 2018, which was an increase of 37,265, from the prior year and an increase of 186,626, or 11.91%, since 2010. This included a natural increase since the last census of 58,884 (111,131 births minus 52,247 deaths) and an increase due to net [[Human migration|migration]] of 75,795 people into the state. There are large numbers of Americans of English and German ancestry in Idaho. [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 14,522 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 61,273 people.
According to the American Immigration Council, in 2018, the top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, China and Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_idaho.pdf|title=Immigrants in Idaho}}</ref>
Idaho's population increased by 17.3% from 2010 to 2020, the second fastest state growth rate in the decade.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/idaho-population-change-between-census-decade.html Idaho: 2020 Census], United States Census Bureau, August 25, 2021.</ref>
Nampa, about {{convert |20|mi|-1}} west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing Pocatello and Idaho Falls. Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010. Located between Nampa and Boise, Meridian also experienced high growth, from fewer than 10,000 residents in 1990 to more than 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]], and Twin Falls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|title=Idaho|website=QuickFacts|place=US|publisher=Census Bureau|access-date=July 30, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|archive-date=June 11, 2012}}</ref>
From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%). The [[Boise metropolitan area]] (officially known as the Boise City-Nampa, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area) is Idaho's largest metropolitan area. Other metropolitan areas in order of size are [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]] and [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 AHAR: Part 1 - PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S. {{!}} HUD USER |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/ahar/2022-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=www.huduser.gov}}</ref>
According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 1,998 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Idaho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Idaho.png|thumb|295x295px|Ethnic origins in Idaho]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; display:inline-table;"
|+ '''Idaho historical racial composition'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census"/>!! 1990<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|url-status=dead|title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States|archivedate=July 25, 2008}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client|title=Idaho :: Census Viewer :: CensusViewer :: Powered by Moonshadow Mobile|website=Idaho.us.censusviewer.com|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430075250/http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client|archive-date=April 30, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html|title=2010 Census Data|author=Center for New Media and Promotions (C2PO)|website=Census.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017}}</ref>!! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census
|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| [[White people|White or European American]] || 98.1% || 94.4% || 90.1% || 89.1% || 82.1%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous]] || 0.9% || 1.4% || 1.4% || 1.4% || 1.4%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.5% || 0.9% || 0.9% || 1.2% || 1.5%
|-
| [[African American|Black]] || 0.3% || 0.3% || 0.4% || 0.6% || 0.9%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiian]] and <br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] ||—||—|| 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.2% || 3.0% || 4.2% || 5.1% || 5.6%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] ||—||—|| 2.0% || 2.5% || 8.3%
|}
[[File:Idaho ancestry.png|thumb|There are large numbers of Americans of German and English ancestry in Idaho.]]
According to the 2017 [[American Community Survey]], 12.2% of Idaho's population were of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin (of any race): [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]] (10.6%), [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] (0.2%), [[Cuban Americans|Cuban]] (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (1.3%).<ref name="ACS2017DEMO">{{cite web |title=2017 American Community Survey—Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=March 25, 2020 }}</ref> The five largest ancestry groups were: [[German Americans|German]] (17.5%), [[English Americans|English]] (16.4%), [[Irish Americans|Irish]] (9.3%), [[American ancestry|American]] (8.1%), and [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]] (3.2%).<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey—Selected Social Characteristics |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US16 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005501/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US16 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The majority of Idaho's population is of European (white) descent. Most Idaho's white population trace their ancestry to the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, France, Italy, or Poland. Latinos constitute around one-tenth of the population. There are also small numbers of Native Americans, Asians, and African Americans in the state.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title=Rocky Mountains, Semi-arid Climate |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=26 October 1998 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Idaho/Climate#ref79078}}</ref>
In 2018, The top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[Canada]], the [[Philippines]], [[China]] and [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_idaho.pdf|title=Immigrants in Idaho|website=americanimmigrationcouncil.org}}</ref>
There are 5 federally recognized Native American tribes in the state. These tribes include the Shoshone-Bannock, the Shoshone-Paiute, the Coeur d’Alene, the Kootenai and the Nez Perce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands#:~:text=There%20are%20five%20federally%20recognized,Kootenai%2C%20and%20the%20Nez%20Perce.|title=Tribal Lands}}</ref>
====Birth data====
[[File:Idaho counties by race.svg|thumb|263x263px|Map of counties in Idaho by racial plurality, per the 2020 census{{Collapsible list
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
'''Non-Hispanic White'''
{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}
{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}
{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}
{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}
{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}
{{col-end}}
}}]]
''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|+ Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2014|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2015|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 67, No. 1 |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 67, No. 8 |access-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>
! 2019<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref>
! 2020<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-02}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White]]:
| 21,246 (94.9%)
| 21,696 (94.8%)
| 21,618 (94.7%)
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
|-
| > [[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic White]]
| 17,951 (80.2%)
| 18,188 (79.5%)
| 18,087 (79.2%)
| 17,543 (78.0%)
| 17,151 (77.3%)
| 16,574 (77.4%)
| 16,959 (76.9%)
| 16,463 (76.4%)
| 17,039 (76.0%)
| 16,894 (75.4%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 491 (2.2%)
| 501 (2.2%)
| 516 (2.3%)
| 363 (1.6%)
| 366 (1.7%)
| 348 (1.6%)
| 350 (1.6%)
| 327 (1.5%)
| 380 (1.7%)
| 378 (1.7%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 225 (1.0%)
| 250 (1.1%)
| 287 (1.2%)
| 217 (1.0%)
| 243 (1.1%)
| 233 (1.1%)
| 261 (1.2%)
| 265 (1.2%)
| 271 (1.2%)
| 258 (1.2%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 421 (1.9%)
| 429 (1.9%)
| 406 (1.8%)
| 261 (1.2%)
| 337 (1.5%)
| 285 (1.3%)
| 291 (1.3%)
| 206 (0.9%)
| 232 (1.0%)
| 260 (1.2%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (of any race)
| ''3,422'' (15.3%)
| ''3,651'' (16.0%)
| ''3,645'' (16.0%)
| ''3,614'' (16.1%)
| ''3,598'' (16.2%)
| ''3,549'' (16.6%)
| ''3,702'' (16.8%)
| ''3,687'' (17.1%)
| ''3,887'' (17.3%)
| ''4,002'' (17.9%)
|-
| '''Total Idaho'''
| '''22,383''' (100%)
| '''22,876''' (100%)
| '''22,827''' (100%)
| '''22,482''' (100%)
| '''22,181''' (100%)
| '''21,403''' (100%)
| '''22,063''' (100%)
| '''21,533''' (100%)
| '''22,427''' (100%)
| '''22,391''' (100%)
|}
* Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
===Religion===
[[File:Idaho Falls Temple.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Idaho Falls Idaho Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], 2006]]
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification, per [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s 2022 ''American Values Survey''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=February 24, 2023 |title=American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition in Idaho|url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-ID|access-date=2023-04-04 |website=[[Public Religion Research Institute]]}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]]
| value1 = 37
| color1 = Blue
| label2 = [[Mormonism]]
| value2 = 24
| color2 = Lightblue
| label3 = [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]]
| value3 = 9
| color3 = Purple
| label4 = [[Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witness]]
| value4 = 2
| color4 = Teal
| label5 = [[Irreligion in the United States|Unaffiliated]]
| value5 = 26
| color5 = White
| label6 = [[New Age]]
| value6 = 3
| color6 = Red
}}
According to the [[Pew Research Center]] on Religion & Public Life, the self-identified religious affiliations of Idahoans over the age of 18 in 2008 and 2014 were:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Denomination
! 2008<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/05/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf | title = Religious Landscape Study, february 2008 | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170417032920/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/05/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf | archive-date = April 17, 2017 | url-status = dead}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/idaho/ | title = Religious Landscape Study | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170427093723/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/idaho/ | archive-date = April 27, 2017 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://www.pewforum.org/about-the-religious-landscape-study/ | title = About the Religious Landscape Study | access-date = April 12, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170428055903/http://www.pewforum.org/about-the-religious-landscape-study/ | archive-date = April 28, 2017 | url-status = live }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Christianity|Christian]], including:'''
| align=center|'''81%'''
| align=center|'''67%'''
|-
| * [[Evangelical Protestant]]
| align=center|22%
| align=center|21%
|-
| * [[Mainline Protestant]]
| align=center|16%
| align=center|16%
|-
| * [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| align=center|18%
| align=center|10%
|-
| * [[Eastern Orthodox]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|1%
|-
| * [[Black church|Historically Black Protestant]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
| align=center|23%
| align=center|19%
|-
| * [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
| align=center|1%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other Christian
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| '''[[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]], including:'''
| align=center|'''18%'''
| align=center|'''27%'''
|-
| * Nothing in particular
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|22%
|-
| * [[Agnostic]]
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|3%
|-
| * [[Atheist]]
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|2%
|-
| '''Non-Christian faiths, including:'''
| align=center|'''n/d'''
| align=center|'''4%'''
|-
| * [[Islam|Muslim]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|1%
|-
| * [[Judaism|Jewish]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[Buddhist]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * [[Hindu]]
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other world religions
| align=center|< 0.5%
| align=center|< 1%
|-
| * Other faiths ([[New Age]], [[Native American religion|Native American]], etc.)
| align=center|n/d
| align=center|2%
|-
| '''Don't know/refused'''
| align=center|'''< 0.5%'''
| align=center|'''1%'''
|}
According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]], the largest denominations by number of members in 2010 were [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Idaho|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] with 409,265; the [[Catholic Church]] with 123,400; the non-denominational Protestants with 62,637; and the [[Assemblies of God USA|Assemblies of God]] with 22,183.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web|year=2010|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/16/rcms2010_16_state_adh_2010.asp|website=Data Archives|title=State Membership Report|publisher=The Arda|access-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112161301/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/16/rcms2010_16_state_adh_2010.asp|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives revealed Mormons remained the largest with 462,069, followed by Catholics (203,790), and non-denominational Protestantism (98,996).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Congregational Membership |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=1&c=16 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.thearda.com}}</ref>
In 2022, the Public Religion Research Institute's ''American Values Survey'' estimated altogether, 72% of the population was Christian, 26% were religiously unaffiliated, and 3% were New Agers. Of its Christian population, 37% were Protestant, 24% Mormon, 9% Catholic, and 2% [[Jehovah's Witnesses]].
===Language===
{{See also|Native American languages of Idaho}}
English is the state's predominant language. Minority languages include [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Idaho-Languages.html|title=Languages - Idaho|website=www.city-data.com}}</ref> and various [[Native American languages of Idaho|Native American languages]].
==Economy==
{{See also|Economy of Idaho|Idaho locations by per capita income}}As of 2016, the state's total employment was 562,282, and the total employer establishments were 45,826.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ID |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Idaho |access-date=November 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111043729/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ID |archive-date=November 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Gross state product]] for 2015 was $64.9 billion,<ref name="2015 GDP">{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by state (millions of current dollars)|url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|website=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230100702/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|archive-date=December 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the per capita income based on 2015 GDP and 2015 population estimates was $39,100.<ref name="2015 GDP" /><ref name="2015 Population">{{cite web|title=QuickFacts Idaho|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/16|website=United States Census Bureau|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=July 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411182636/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/16|archive-date=April 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for [[processed cheese]], is in [[Gooding, Idaho]]. It has a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year of barrel cheese and belongs to the [[Glanbia]] group.<ref>{{Citation | title = Zuivelzicht | date = April 25, 2007}}.</ref>
[[Hewlett-Packard]] has operated a large plant in Boise since the 1970s, which is devoted primarily to [[HP LaserJet|LaserJet printers]] production.<ref>{{cite web | place = Washington, D.C., US | url = http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar04.html | title = Today in History: March 4 | website = Memory | publisher = Library of Congress | access-date = July 30, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727164920/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar04.html | archive-date = July 27, 2010 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Idaho has a [[Idaho Lottery|state gambling lottery]], which contributed $333.5 million in payments to all Idaho [[School district|public schools]] and [[List of colleges and universities in Idaho|Idaho higher education]] from 1990 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Facts at a Glance
|publisher=Idaho Lottery
|year=2007
|url=http://idaholottery.com/facts.asp
|access-date=April 29, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613232433/http://idaholottery.com/facts.asp
|archive-date=June 13, 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
US ID AmericanFalls.jpg|[[American Falls Dam]]
Wheat harvest.jpg|Wheat harvest on the [[Palouse]]
</gallery>
===Taxation===
Tax is collected by the [[Idaho State Tax Commission]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://tax.idaho.gov/| title = Idaho State Tax Commission - Official Website}}</ref>
The state personal [[income tax]] is a flat 5.8%. Idahoans may apply for state [[tax credit]]s for taxes paid to other states, as well as for donations to Idaho state educational entities and some nonprofit youth and rehabilitation facilities.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
The state [[sales tax]] is 6% with a very limited, selective local option up to 6.5%. Sales tax applies to the sale, rental or lease of tangible personal property and some services. Food is taxed, but [[prescription drug]]s are not. Hotel, [[motel]], and [[campground]] accommodations are taxed at a higher rate (7% to 11%). Some jurisdictions impose local option sales tax.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Option Tax |url=https://bonnersferry.id.gov/local-option-tax/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=City of Bonners Ferry |language=en-US}}</ref>
The sales tax was introduced at 3% in 1965, easily approved by voters,<ref name=csrv>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kw0zAAAAIBAJ&pg=6680%2C2966915 |newspaper = Spokesman-Review |agency = Associated Press |title = Conservatism given credit by Samuelson |date = November 10, 1966 |page = 1 |access-date = November 20, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121000834/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kw0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6680%2C2966915 |archive-date = November 21, 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> where it remained at 3% until 1983.<ref name=stxhis>{{cite web|url=http://tax.idaho.gov/i-1023.cfm#sub3|publisher=State of Idaho|title=Sales tax rate history|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521023534/http://tax.idaho.gov/i-1023.cfm#sub3|archive-date=May 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Energy==
{{See also|List of power stations in Idaho}}
Idaho has a regulated electricity market, with the [[Idaho Public Utilities Commission]] regulating the three major utilities of [[Avista|Avista Utilities]], [[Idaho Power]], and [[PacifiCorp|Rocky Mountain Power]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Energy_policy_in_Idaho|title=Energy policy in Idaho|website=Ballotpedia|access-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108120418/https://ballotpedia.org/Energy_policy_in_Idaho|archive-date=November 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Idaho consumes almost four times more energy than it produces. In 2022, renewable energy sources accounted for 75% of the total electricity generated in the state, the fourth-highest share of renewable electricity for any state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=ID |title=Idaho State Energy Profile, Utility-Scale Net Electricity Generation (share of total) |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |date=April 20, 2023 |access-date=July 14, 2023}}</ref> In 2022, half of Idaho's utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) electricity generating capacity is at hydroelectric power plants, 25% from natural gas, 17% of the state's total in-state electricity net generation came from wind facilities, 4% from solar and 1% from geothermal.<ref>[https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=ID Idaho, State Profile and Energy Estimates], EIA, Updated April 20, 2023</ref> Washington State provides most of the natural gas used in Idaho through one of the two major pipeline systems supplying the state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from [[Solar power in Idaho|solar power]] using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of [[concentrated solar power]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | work= GIS |date= August 2, 2012 | title= Renewable Energy Technical Potential | publisher = NREL | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115931/http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | archive-date = September 15, 2012 }}.</ref> Idaho had 973 MW of installed wind power as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Wind Energy Facts |url=https://www.awea.org/resources/fact-sheets/state-facts-sheets|access-date=October 29, 2020|website=AWEA|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031084511/https://www.awea.org/resources/fact-sheets/state-facts-sheets |archive-date= Oct 31, 2020 }}</ref>
==Transportation==
The [[Idaho Transportation Department]] is the [[government agency]] responsible for Idaho's transportation infrastructure, including [[Maintenance, repair and operations|operations and maintenance]], as well as planning for future needs. The agency is also responsible for overseeing the disbursement of [[Administration of federal assistance in the United States|federal]], state, and [[Grant (money)|grant]] [[funding]] for the transportation programs of the state.<ref name="faq">{{Cite web | title = FAQs | publisher = ITD | date = Jan 24, 2007 | url = http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm | access-date = April 22, 2007 | quote = The transportation department also oversees federal grants to 15 rural and urban public transportation systems, provides state rail planning and rail-project development and supports bicycle and pedestrian projects. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426120934/http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm | archive-date = April 26, 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
===Highways===
{{Main|List of state highways in Idaho}}
[[File:I-15.svg|thumb|upright=0.22|[[Interstate 15 in Idaho|I-15]] shield]]
[[File:US 95.svg|thumb|upright=0.22|[[U.S. Route 95 in Idaho|US-95 shield]]]]
Major federal aid highways in Idaho:
{{div col|colwidth=8em|content=
* '''North/South'''
** {{jct|state=ID|US|89}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|91}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|93}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|95}}
* '''West/East'''
** {{jct|state=ID|US|2}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|12}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|20}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|26}}
** {{jct|state=ID|US|30}}
* '''Interstates'''
** {{jct|state=ID|I|15}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|84}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|86}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|90}}
** {{jct|state=ID|I|184}}
}}
===Airports===
Major airports include the [[Boise Airport]] which serves the southwest region of Idaho and the [[Spokane International Airport]] (in [[Spokane, Washington]]) which serves northern Idaho. Other airports with scheduled service are the [[Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport]] serving the [[Palouse]]; the [[Lewiston-Nez Perce County Airport]], serving the Lewis-Clark Valley and [[North Central Idaho|north central]] and west central Idaho; The [[Magic Valley Regional Airport]] in Twin Falls; [[Friedman Memorial Airport]] in Hailey; the [[Idaho Falls Regional Airport]]; and the [[Pocatello Regional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html|title=Major Airports in Idaho|website=Traveltips.usatoday.com|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904043747/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html|archive-date=September 4, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Railroads===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}
Idaho is served by three transcontinental railroads. The [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe]] (BNSF) connects the [[Idaho Panhandle]] with [[Seattle]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], and [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] to the west, and [[Minneapolis]] and Chicago to the east. The [[BNSF]] travels through [[Kootenai County, Idaho|Kootenai]], [[Bonner County, Idaho|Bonner]], and [[Boundary County, Idaho|Boundary]] counties. The [[Union Pacific Railroad]] crosses North Idaho, entering from Canada through [[Boundary County, Idaho|Boundary]] and [[Bonner County, Idaho|Bonner]], and proceeding to Spokane. [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] uses [[Union Pacific Railroad]] tracks in North Idaho, carrying products from [[Alberta, Canada|Alberta]] to [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] and [[Portland, Oregon]]. [[Amtrak]]'s Empire Builder crosses northern Idaho, with its only stop being in [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]]. [[Montana Rail Link]] also operates between [[Billings, Montana]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho]].
The [[Union Pacific Railroad]] also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, [[Wyoming]], and [[Ogden, Utah]], and serves [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]], [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], and Pocatello.
===Ports===
The Port of Lewiston is the farthest inland Pacific port on the west coast. A series of dams and locks on the Snake River and Columbia River facilitate barge travel from Lewiston to Portland, where goods are loaded on ocean-going vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://portoflewiston.com/our-port/who-we-are/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Port of Lewiston |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Law and government==
[[File:Boise Idaho.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Idaho State Capitol]] in [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]]]
===State constitution===
{{see also|Idaho Constitutional Convention}}
The constitution of Idaho is roughly modeled on the national constitution, with several additions. The constitution defines the form and functions of the state government, and may be amended through [[plebiscite]]. The state constitution presently requires the state government to maintain a [[balanced budget]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf|title=Constitution of the State of Idaho|website=History.idaho.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200628/https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Idaho Code and Statutes===
All of Idaho's state laws are contained in the Idaho Code and Statutes. The code is amended through the legislature with the approval of the governor. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
Idaho has one of the [[Abortion law in the United States by state|strictest abortion laws in the nation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bendix |first=Aria |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Idaho becomes one of the most extreme anti-abortion states with law restricting travel for abortions |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/idaho-most-extreme-anti-abortion-state-law-restricts-travel-rcna78225 |access-date=April 6, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> In April 2023, the Idaho became the first state to restrict interstate travel for abortion services.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth Nolan |date=2023-04-06 |title=Idaho takes aim at interstate travel for abortion. Health care providers are suing. |url=https://reason.com/2023/04/06/idaho-takes-aim-at-interstate-travel-for-abortion-health-care-providers-are-suing/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2023-04-06 |title=Idaho governor signs 'abortion trafficking' bill into law |url=https://apnews.com/article/idaho-abortion-minors-criminalization-b8fb4b6feb9b520d63f75432a1219588 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> Nearly all abortions are banned and private citizens can sue abortion providers. The Idaho Supreme Court has ruled there is no constitutional right to abortion. A federal judge ruled in 2022 that doctors cannot be punished for performing an abortion to protect a patient's health.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html Tracking the States Where Abortion Is Now Banned], The New York Times, updated May 10, 2023.</ref> The state abortion laws have led to an outmigration of physicians who specialize in maternal/fetal care.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/13/us/idaho-abortion-doctors-drain/index.html , Idaho’s murky abortion law is driving doctors out of the state], Randi Kaye, Stephen Samaniego, CNN, May 13, 2023</ref>
===State government===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}
The constitution of Idaho provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a [[bicameral]] legislature, elected from 35 legislative districts, each represented by one senator and two representatives.
Since 1946, statewide elected constitutional officers have been elected to four-year terms. They include: [[List of Governors of Idaho|Governor]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Idaho|Lieutenant Governor]], [[Secretary of State of Idaho|Secretary of State]], [[Idaho state controller]] (Auditor before 1994), Treasurer, [[Idaho Attorney General|Attorney General]], and Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Last contested in 1966, Inspector of Mines was an originally elected constitutional office. Afterward it was an appointed position and ultimately done away with entirely in 1974.
Idaho's government has an [[Alcoholic beverage control state|alcohol monopoly]]; the [[Idaho State Liquor Division]].
====Executive branch====
{{Further |List of Governors of Idaho||Lieutenant Governor of Idaho|Secretary of State of Idaho}}
The governor of Idaho serves a four-year term and is elected during what is nationally referred to as midterm elections. As such, the governor is not elected in the same election year as the president of the United States. The current governor is [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Brad Little]], who was first elected in 2018 and re-elected in 2022. Idaho is 1 of 13 states with no term limits for Governor.<ref>The other 12 are Washington, Utah, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, & New Hampshire. [https://www.termlimits.com/which-states-have-term-limits-on-governor/]</ref>
====Legislative branch====
{{Main |Idaho Legislature}}
[[File:House of Representatives Chamber, Idaho State Capitol.jpg|thumb|right|Chamber of the House of Representatives in 2018]]
Idaho's [[State legislature (United States)|legislature]] is part-time. Because of this, Idaho's legislators are considered "citizen legislators", meaning their position as a legislator is not their main occupation. However, the session may be extended if necessary, and often is.
Terms for both the [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] and [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] are two years. Legislative elections occur every even numbered year.
Both of Idaho's state legislative chambers have been continuously controlled by Republicans since 1960, although Democratic legislators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, [[Blaine County, Idaho|Blaine County]] and the northern Panhandle.
====Judicial branch====
{{Main |Courts of Idaho}}
The highest court in Idaho is the [[Idaho Supreme Court]]. There is also an intermediate [[appellate court]], the [[Idaho Court of Appeals]], which hears cases assigned to it from the Supreme Court. The state's District Courts serve seven judicial districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isc.idaho.gov/district.htm |title=Idaho District Court Websites |publisher=ISC |place=ID |access-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216011413/http://www.isc.idaho.gov/district.htm |archive-date=December 16, 2008 }}</ref>
====Politics====
{{See also|Political party strength in Idaho|United States presidential elections in Idaho}}{{More citations needed section|date=November 2020}}[[File:Party registration by Idaho county.svg|thumb|Party registration by Idaho county (January 2023):
{{legend|#ffb2b2|2=Republican >= 40%}}
{{legend|#e27f7f|2=Republican >= 50%}}
{{legend|#d75d5d|2=Republican >= 60%}}
{{legend|#d72f30|2=Republican >= 70%}}
{{legend|#c21b18|2=Republican >= 80%}}
{{legend|#80ff80|2=Unaffiliated >= 40%}}
]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Voter Registration Totals as of April 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/voter-registration-totals/|title=Voter Registration Totals|publisher=Idaho Department of State}}</ref>
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Number of Voters
! Percentage
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 584,152
| style="text-align:center;"| 58.39%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|Unaffiliated]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 275,286
| style="text-align:center;"| 27.52%
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 125,521
| style="text-align:center;"| 12.54%
|-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
|[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 11,254
| style="text-align:center;"| 1.12%
|-
| {{party color cell|Constitution Party (United States)}}
|[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4,141
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.41%
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! style="text-align:center;" | 1,000,354
! style="text-align:center;" | 100.00%
|-
|}
{{PresHead|place=Idaho|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=16&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title=Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Idaho|publisher=US Election Atlas|access-date=January 3, 2023|author=Leip, David}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|554,119|287,021|29,203|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|409,055|189,765|91,613|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|420,911|212,787|23,044|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|403,012|236,440|19,002|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|409,235|181,098|8,114|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|336,937|138,637|26,047|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|256,595|165,443|69,681|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|202,645|137,013|142,484|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|253,881|147,272|7,815|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|297,523|108,510|5,111|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|290,699|110,192|36,540|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|204,151|126,549|10,232|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|199,384|80,826|30,169|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|165,369|89,273|36,541|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|143,557|148,920|0|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|161,597|138,853|0|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|166,979|105,868|142|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|180,707|95,081|466|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|101,514|107,370|5,932|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|100,137|107,399|785|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|106,553|127,842|773|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|66,256|125,683|7,678|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|71,417|109,479|5,729|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|97,322|52,926|1,293|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|69,879|24,256|54,160|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|88,975|46,579|70|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|55,368|70,054|9,193|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|32,810|33,921|39,023|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|52,621|36,162|8,510|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|47,783|18,480|6,315|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|27,198|29,414|1,302|Idaho}}
{{PresRow|1896|Democratic|6,314|23,135|172|Idaho}}
{{PresFoot|1892|Populist|8,599|0|10,808|Idaho}}
After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], many Midwestern and Southern [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] moved to the [[Idaho Territory]]. As a result, the early territorial legislatures were solidly Democrat-controlled. In contrast, most of the territorial governors were appointed by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidents and were Republicans. This led to sometimes-bitter clashes between the two parties, including a range war with the Democrats backing the sheepherders and the Republicans the cattlemen, which ended in the [[Jack Davis (prospector)|"Diamondfield" Jack Davis]] murder trial. In the 1880s, Republicans became more prominent in local politics.
In 1864, Clinton DeWitt Smith removed the territorial seal and the state constitution from a locked safe, and took them to Boise. This effectively moved the capital from where they were stored ([[Lewiston, Idaho]]) to the current capital, Boise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idahoptv.org/capitoloflight/article-05.cfm|title=Capitol Move or Theft?—Essays—Capitol of Light (Idaho Public Television)|website=Idahotv.org|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200618/http://idahoptv.org/capitoloflight/article-05.cfm|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since statehood, the Republican Party has usually been the dominant party in Idaho. At one time, Idaho had two Democratic parties, one being the mainstream and the other called the Anti-Mormon Democrats, lasting into the early 20th century. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the [[Populist Party (United States)|Populist Party]] enjoyed prominence, while the Democratic Party maintained a brief dominance in the 1930s during the [[Great Depression]]. Since World War{{nbsp}}II, most statewide-elected officials have been Republicans, though the Democrats did hold the majority in the House (by one seat) in 1958 and the governorship from 1971 to 1995.
Idaho Congressional delegations have also been generally Republican since statehood. Several Idaho Democrats have had electoral success in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] over the years, but the [[United States Senate|Senate]] delegation has been a Republican stronghold for decades. Several Idaho Republicans, including current Senators [[Mike Crapo]] and [[Jim Risch]], have won reelection to the Senate, but only [[Frank Church]] has won reelection as a Democrat. Church's [[1974 United States Senate election in Idaho|1974]] victory was the last win for his party for either Senate seat, and [[Walt Minnick]]'s 2008 victory in the [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1st congressional district]] was the last Democratic win in any congressional race.
In modern times, Idaho has been a reliably Republican state in presidential politics. It has not supported a Democrat for [[president of the United States|president]] since [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]]. Even in that election, [[Lyndon Johnson]] defeated [[Barry Goldwater]] in the state by fewer than two percentage points, compared to a landslide nationally. In [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]], Republican [[George W. Bush]] carried Idaho by a margin of 38 percentage points and with 68.4% of the vote, winning in 43 of 44 counties. Only [[Blaine County, Idaho|Blaine County]], which contains the [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]] ski resort, supported [[John Kerry]], who owns a home in the area. In [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] [[Barack Obama]]'s 36.1 percent<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.idsos.state.id.us/elect/RESULTS/2008/general/tot_stwd.htm | place = ID | publisher = Secretary of State Election Division | date = November 4, 2008 | title = General Election Results | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215210242/http://www.idsos.state.id.us/ELECT/RESULTS/2008/general/tot_stwd.htm | archive-date = December 15, 2008}}.</ref> showing was the best for a Democratic presidential candidate in Idaho since [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]. However, Republican margins were narrower in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] and [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]].
In the 2006 elections, Republicans, led by gubernatorial candidate [[C. L. Otter|Butch Otter]], won all the state's constitutional offices and retained both of the state's seats in the House. However, Democrats picked up several seats in the Idaho Legislature, notably in the Boise area.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ncsl.org/ncsldb/elect98/profile.cfm?yearsel=2006&statesel=ID |publisher=NCSL |title=Elections 1 998 |type=profile |year=2006 |contribution=ID |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501023622/http://www.ncsl.org/ncsldb/elect98/profile.cfm?yearsel=2006&statesel=ID |archive-date=May 1, 2009 }}</ref>
Republicans lost one of the House seats in 2008 to Minnick, but Republican [[Jim Risch]] retained [[Larry Craig]]'s Senate seat for the GOP by a comfortable margin.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/results/ENR/statewide_total.html |year=2008 |contribution=Statewide totals |title=Election |type=results |place=ID |publisher=State government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220191630/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/results/ENR/statewide_total.html |archive-date=February 20, 2015 }}</ref> Minnick lost his seat in the 2010 election to Republican State Rep. [[Raul Labrador]].
Idaho retains the [[death penalty]]. Pending the outcome of a legal challenge on a bill passed on 20 March 2023, authorized methods of execution include the [[Firing Squad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/idaho-firing-squad-executions-410bd284ffbdb50d3b4a162fe8088dad | title=Idaho poised to allow firing-squad executions in some cases | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=March 20, 2023 }}</ref>
==Education==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
===K–12===
{{see also|List of school districts in Idaho}}
As of January 2020, the State of Idaho contains 105 [[school district]]s<ref>{{cite web |title=School Districts |url=https://www.idaho.gov/education/school-districts/ |website=idaho.gov |publisher=State of Idaho |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121052701/https://www.idaho.gov/education/school-districts/ |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> and 62 [[charter school]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charter School List |url=https://www.sde.idaho.gov/school-choice/charter/files/idaho-schools/List-of-Charter-Schools.pdf |website=sde.idaho.gov |publisher=Idaho State Department of Education |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121052532/https://www.sde.idaho.gov/school-choice/charter/files/idaho-schools/List-of-Charter-Schools.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> The school districts range in enrollment from two to 39,507 students.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter-School |url=https://www.sde.idaho.gov/finance/files/attendance-enrollment/enrollment/Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter.xlsx |website=sde.idaho.gov |publisher=Idaho State Department of Education |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121054528/https://www.sde.idaho.gov/finance/files/attendance-enrollment/enrollment/Enrollment-by-District-and-Charter.xlsx |archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref>
Idaho school districts are governed by elected school boards, which are elected in November of odd-numbered years,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Richert |first1=Kevin |title=Coming Tuesday: A First-of-its-kind School Election Day |url=https://www.idahoednews.org/news/coming-tuesday-a-first-of-its-kind-school-election-day/ |website=idahoednews.org |date=October 31, 2019 |publisher=Idaho Ed News |access-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> except for the [[Boise School District]], whose elections are held in September.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ward |first1=Xavier |title=Boise School District could align with election calendar, but opts not to |url=https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/boise-school-district-could-align-with-election-calendar-but-opts/article_1db06dab-e768-5307-b052-65424a35053e.html |website=idahopress.com |date=January 19, 2019 |publisher=Idaho Press |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123175059/https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/boise-school-district-could-align-with-election-calendar-but-opts/article_1db06dab-e768-5307-b052-65424a35053e.html |archive-date=January 23, 2019}}</ref>
===Colleges and universities===
[[File:Spori Building.jpg|right|thumb|The Jacob Spori Building at [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] in Rexburg]]
[[File:Idaho State University.jpg|thumb|right|[[Idaho State University]] in [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]]]]
[[File:UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png|thumb|right|[[University of Idaho]] [[University of Idaho Arboretum and Botanical Garden|Arboretum]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]]]]
The Idaho State Board of Education oversees three comprehensive universities.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://boardofed.idaho.gov/board-facts/board-governance-structure/state-public-education-institutions/| title = Public Education Institutions {{!}} Idaho State Board of Education}}</ref> The [[University of Idaho]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]] was the first university in the state (founded in 1889). It opened its doors in 1892 and is the [[Land-grant university|land-grant institution]] and primary research university of the state. [[Idaho State University]] in Pocatello opened in 1901 as the Academy of Idaho, attained four-year status in 1947 and university status in 1963. [[Boise State University]] is the most recent school to attain university status in Idaho. The school opened in 1932 as Boise Junior College and became Boise State University in 1974. [[Lewis-Clark State College]] in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]] is the only public, non-university four-year college in Idaho. It opened as a [[normal school]] in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History & Overview - Office of the President {{!}} Lewis-Clark State |url=https://www.lcsc.edu/president/history-overview |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Lewis-Clark State College |language=en-US}}</ref>
Idaho has four regional community colleges: [[North Idaho College]] in [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]]; [[College of Southern Idaho]] in [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]]; [[College of Western Idaho]] in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], which opened in 2009, [[College of Eastern Idaho]] in [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], which transitioned from a [[technical college]] in 2017.
Private institutions in Idaho are [[Boise Bible College]], affiliated with congregations of the [[Christian churches and churches of Christ]]; [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] in [[Rexburg, Idaho|Rexburg]], which is affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a [[sister college]] to [[Brigham Young University]]; The [[College of Idaho]] in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], which still maintains a loose affiliation with the Presbyterian Church; [[Northwest Nazarene University]] in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]]; and [[New Saint Andrews College]] in [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], of reformed Christian theological background. [[McCall College]] is a non-affiliated two-year private college in [[McCall, Idaho|McCall]], which was founded in 2011 and later opened in 2013.
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Boise Bible College]]
* [[Boise State University]]
* [[Brigham Young University-Idaho]] (formerly Ricks College)
* [[College of Idaho]] (formerly Albertson College of Idaho)
* [[College of Southern Idaho]]
* [[College of Western Idaho]]
* [[College of Eastern Idaho]]
* [[Idaho State University]]
* [[Lewis-Clark State College]]
* [[McCall College]]
* [[New Saint Andrews College]]
* [[North Idaho College]]
* [[Northwest Nazarene University]]
* [[University of Idaho]]
}}
==Sports==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2022}}
Central Idaho is home to one of North America's oldest [[ski resorts]], [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]], where the world's first [[chairlift]] was installed in 1936.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Engber|first1=Daniel|title=Who Made That Ski Lift?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/magazine/who-made-that-ski-lift.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 21, 2014|access-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717205054/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/magazine/who-made-that-ski-lift.html?_r=0|archive-date=July 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Other noted outdoor sites include [[Hells Canyon]], the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], and its embarkation point of [[Riggins, Idaho|Riggins]].
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;;"
|-
! Club
! Sport
! League
|-
| [[Boise Hawks]]
| align=center|[[Minor League Baseball|Baseball]]
| align=center|[[Pioneer League (baseball)|Pioneer League]]
|-
| [[Boise State Broncos]]
| align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
| align=center|[[Football Bowl Subdivision|Div I FBS]], [[Mountain West Conference|MWC]]
|-
|[[Idaho Vandals]]
| align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
| align=center|[[Football Championship Subdivision|Div I FCS]], [[Big Sky Conference|Big Sky]]
|-
|[[Idaho State Bengals]]
|align=center|[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]
|align=center|[[Football Championship Subdivision|Div I FCS]], [[Big Sky Conference|Big Sky]]
|-
|[[Idaho Falls Chukars]]
|align=center|[[Minor League Baseball|Baseball]]
|align=center|[[Pioneer League (baseball)|Pioneer League]]
|-
|[[Idaho Steelheads]]
|align=center|[[Minor league ice hockey|Ice hockey]]
|align=center|[[ECHL]]
|-
|Idaho Falls Spud Kings
|align=center|[[Minor league ice hockey|Ice hockey]]
|align=center|[[United States Premier Hockey League|USPHL]]
|}
The [[Boise Open]] professional golf tournament has been played at [[Hillcrest Country Club (Boise, Idaho)|Hillcrest Country Club]] since 1990 as part of the [[Korn Ferry Tour]]. The Open has been part of the [[Korn Ferry Tour Finals]] since 2016.
High school sports are overseen by the [[Idaho High School Activities Association]] (IHSAA).
In 2016, Meridian's Michael Slagowski ran 800 meters in 1:48.70. That is one of the 35 fastest 800-meter times ever run by a high school boy in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milesplit.com/rankings/events/high-school-boys/outdoor-track-and-field/800m?year=all|title=United States High School Boys Rankings {{!}} Outdoor Track And Field All-Time800 Meter Run|website=MileSplit United States|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
==In popular culture==
The 1980 film ''[[Bronco Billy]]'' filmed in [[Boise, Idaho]] for two months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokane Daily Chronicle - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FKQSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LvkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1783,1095239 |access-date=2023-07-06 }}</ref> The 1985 film ''[[Pale Rider]]'' was primarily filmed in the [[Boulder Mountains (Idaho)|Boulder Mountains]] and the [[Sawtooth National Recreation Area]] in central Idaho, just north of [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]].<ref name=efgbsy>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wiEuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556%2C3111152 |newspaper=Spokane Chronicle |location=Washington |title=Eastwood film gives boost |agency=Associated Press |date=November 30, 1984 |page=12 |access-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411135828/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wiEuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556,3111152 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[River Phoenix]] and [[Keanu Reeves]] starred in the 1991 movie ''[[My Own Private Idaho]]'', portions of which take place in Idaho.<ref name="Robb, Brian">{{cite news | last = Robb | first = Brian J | title = River Phoenix: A Short Life | publisher = Perennial | year = 1995 }}</ref><ref name="Greenberg, Harvey">{{cite news | last = Greenberg | first = Harvey | title = ''My Own Private Idaho'' | work = Film Quarterly | date =Fall 1992 }}</ref> The 2004 [[cult film]] ''[[Napoleon Dynamite]]'' takes place in [[Preston, Idaho]]; the film's director, [[Jared Hess]], attended [[Preston High School (Idaho)|Preston High School]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.localnews8.com/news/kifi-top-story/a-look-at-preston-10-years-after-napoleon-dynamite/58540729 |title=A look at Preston 10 years after 'Napoleon Dynamite' |last=Berg |first=Tyler |date=June 27, 2014 |publisher=KIFI |access-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004604/http://www.localnews8.com/news/kifi-top-story/a-look-at-preston-10-years-after-napoleon-dynamite/58540729 |archive-date=January 29, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|Idaho|Pacific Northwest}}
* [[Index of Idaho-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Idaho]]
* [[USS Idaho|USS ''Idaho'']], five ships
==Explanatory notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Schwantes, Carlos A. ''In mountain shadows: A history of Idaho'' (U of Nebraska Press, 1991). [https://archive.org/details/inmountainshadow0000schw online]
* Schwantes, Carlos A. ''The Pacific Northwest: an interpretive history'' (U of Nebraska Press, 1996).
*{{cite book
| last = Sims
| first = Robert C.
|author2=Hope A. Benedict
| title = Idaho's Governors
| publisher = College of Social Sciences and Public Affairs, Boise State University
| year = 1992
| location = Boise, Idaho
| isbn = 0-932129-13-7}}
* Stapilus, Randy. ''Idaho Myths and Legends: The True Stories Behind History's Mysteries'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EX3IDwAAQBAJ&dq=HISTORY+IDAHO&pg=PR3 online]
==External links==
{{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}}
* {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}.
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress]
* {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}}
* {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}.
* {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}.
* {{osmrelation-inline|162116}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}}
{{s-end}}
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision ($1) (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Idaho_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Idaho (disambiguation)">Idaho (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Idahoan" redirects here. For the train, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_named_passenger_trains_of_the_United_States_(I%E2%80%93M)" title="List of named passenger trains of the United States (I–M)">List of named passenger trains of the United States (I–M)</a>.</span></div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Idaho</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style>
<div class="ib-settlement-cols">
<div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Idaho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Idaho"><img alt="Flag of Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/125px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/188px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/250px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Idaho">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Idaho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Idaho"><img alt="Official seal of Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/100px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/150px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/200px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Idaho">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Gem State (official), The Potato State</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i><a href="/wiki/Esto_perpetua" title="Esto perpetua">Esto perpetua</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a> for "Let it be perpetual")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Have_Idaho" title="Here We Have Idaho">Here We Have Idaho</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Idaho_in_United_States.svg/300px-Idaho_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Idaho_in_United_States.svg/450px-Idaho_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Idaho_in_United_States.svg/600px-Idaho_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 3, 1890 (43rd)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">and largest city</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Idaho">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Little" title="Brad Little">Brad Little</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Idaho" title="Lieutenant Governor of Idaho">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bedke" title="Scott Bedke">Scott Bedke</a> (R)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Legislature" title="Idaho Legislature">Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Senate" title="Idaho Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Supreme_Court" title="Idaho Supreme Court">Idaho Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a> (R) <br /><a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Idaho" title="List of United States representatives from Idaho">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Idaho's 1st congressional district">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russ_Fulcher" title="Russ Fulcher">Russ Fulcher</a> (R) <br /><a href="/wiki/Idaho%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Idaho's 2nd congressional district">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Simpson" title="Mike Simpson">Mike Simpson</a> (R) (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Idaho" title="United States congressional delegations from Idaho">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">83,569<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> sq mi (216,443 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">82,643 sq mi (214,045 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">926 sq mi (2,398 km<sup>2</sup>)  1.11%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">479 mi (771 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">305 mi (491 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 ft (1,520 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Borah_Peak" title="Borah Peak">Borah Peak</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAVD88_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[a]</a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,662 ft (3,859 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Confluence of <a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater River</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAVD88_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[a]</a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">713 ft (217 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">1,964,726</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">38th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">23.63/sq mi (8.33/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">44th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$76,918<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">31st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Idahoan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">primary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Daylight Time">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">Idaho Panhandle</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ID</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-ID</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_north" title="42nd parallel north">42° N</a> to <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49° N</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">111°03′ W to 117°15′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idaho.gov">idaho<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
fortnite was mad in idaho people made btd6 in idaho, 👺👺👺👺👺👺👺<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></p><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Idaho</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Idaho_state_symbols" title="List of Idaho state symbols">List of state symbols</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Idaho.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/250px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/375px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/500px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Idaho">Flag of Idaho</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Idaho.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/150px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/225px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Idaho.svg/300px-Seal_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Idaho">Seal of Idaho</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_salamander" title="Tiger salamander">Tiger salamander</a> (<i>Ambystoma tigrinum</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bluebird" title="Mountain bluebird">Mountain bluebird</a> (<i>Sialia currucoides</i>)</li><li><b>Raptor:</b> <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">Peregrine falcon</a> (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_trout" title="Cutthroat trout">Cutthroat trout</a> (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Syringa (<i><a href="/wiki/Philadelphus_lewisii" title="Philadelphus lewisii">Philadelphus lewisii</a></i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Horse breed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Appaloosa" title="Appaloosa">Appaloosa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarch_butterfly" title="Monarch butterfly">Monarch butterfly</a> (<i>Danaus plexippus</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_white_pine" title="Western white pine">Western white pine</a> (<i>Pinus monticola</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Fruit:</b> <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a></li><li><b>Vegetable:</b> <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hagerman_horse" title="Hagerman horse">Hagerman horse</a> (<i>Equus simplicidens</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Star_garnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Star garnet">Star garnet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Threebear_(soil)" title="Threebear (soil)">Threebear</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_75.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Idaho_75.svg/85px-Idaho_75.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Idaho_75.svg/128px-Idaho_75.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Idaho_75.svg/170px-Idaho_75.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Im a hoe</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos skin-invert"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f7\/En-us-Idaho.ogg\/En-us-Idaho.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Idaho.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/En-us-Idaho.ogg/En-us-Idaho.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Idaho.ogg" title="File:En-us-Idaho.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">EYE</span>-də-hoh</i></a>) is a ligmalocked <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain West</a> subregion of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It shares a small portion of the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a> to the north, with the province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> to the west. The <a href="/wiki/US_state_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="US state capitals">state's capital</a> and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a>. With an area of 83,569 square miles (216,440 km<sup>2</sup>), Idaho is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">14th largest</a> state by land area. With a population of approximately 1.8 million, it ranks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">13th least populous</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by population density">7th least densely populated</a> of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_US_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of US states">50 U.S. states</a>.
</p><p>For thousands of years, and prior to European colonization, Idaho has been inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">native peoples</a>. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, an area of dispute between the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. It officially became <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">a U.S. territory</a> with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty of 1846</a>, but a separate <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a> was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a>. Idaho was eventually <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admitted to the Union</a> on July 3, 1890, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">43rd state</a>.
</p><p>Forming part of the Pacific Northwest (and the associated <a href="/wiki/Cascadia_(bioregion)" title="Cascadia (bioregion)">Cascadia bioregion</a>), Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. The state's north, the relatively isolated <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">Idaho Panhandle</a>, is closely linked with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">Eastern Washington</a>, with which it shares the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a>—the rest of the state uses the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain Time Zone</a>. The state's south includes the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Plain" title="Snake River Plain">Snake River Plain</a> (which has most of the population and agricultural land), and the southeast incorporates part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a>. Idaho is quite mountainous and contains several stretches of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> holds about 38% of Idaho's land, the highest proportion of any state.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Industries significant for the state economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism. Several science and technology firms are either headquartered in Idaho or have factories there, and the state also contains the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a>, which is the country's largest <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> facility. Idaho's agricultural sector supplies many products, but the state is best known for <a href="/wiki/Idaho_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho potato">its potato crop</a>, which comprises around one-third of the nationwide yield. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_nicknames" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state nicknames">official state nickname</a> is the "Gem State."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Lakes_and_rivers"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lakes and rivers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Protected_areas"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Protected areas</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#National_parks,_reserves,_monuments_and_historic_sites"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#National_recreation_areas"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">National recreation areas</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#National_wildlife_refuges_and_Wilderness_Areas"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#National_conservation_areas"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">National conservation areas</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#State_parks"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">State parks</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Population"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Population</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Birth_data"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Birth data</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Language"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Language</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Taxation"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Taxation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Energy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Energy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Highways"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Highways</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Airports"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Airports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Railroads"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Railroads</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ports"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ports</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Law_and_government"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Law and government</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#State_constitution"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">State constitution</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Idaho_Code_and_Statutes"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Idaho Code and Statutes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#State_government"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">State government</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Executive_branch"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Executive branch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Legislative_branch"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative branch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Judicial_branch"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Judicial branch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#K–12"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">K–12</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Colleges and universities</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Explanatory_notes"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Explanatory notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The name's origin remains a mystery.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> In the early 1860s, when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> was considering organizing a new territory in the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, the name "Idaho" was suggested by <a href="/wiki/George_M._Willing" title="George M. Willing">George M. Willing</a>, a politician posing as an unrecognized delegate from the unofficial <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Territory" title="Jefferson Territory">Jefferson Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup> Willing claimed that the name was derived from a <a href="/wiki/Shoshone_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoshone language">Shoshone</a> term meaning "the sun comes from the mountains" or "gem of the mountains",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> but it was revealed later that there was no such term and Willing claimed that he had been inspired to coin the name when he met a little girl named <i>Ida</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-13">[12]</a></sup> Since the name appeared to be fabricated, the U.S. Congress ultimately decided to name the area <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado Territory</a> instead when it was created in February 1861, but by the time this decision was made, the town of <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Springs,_Colorado" title="Idaho Springs, Colorado">Idaho Springs, Colorado</a> had already been named after Willing's proposal.
</p><p>The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called <a href="/wiki/Idaho_County,_Idaho" title="Idaho County, Idaho">Idaho County</a> was created in eastern <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a>. The county was named after a <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamship</a> named <i>Idaho</i>, which was launched on the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing's claim was revealed. Regardless, part of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a> in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup> Idaho Territory would later change its boundaries to the area that became the U.S. state.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Idaho" title="History of Idaho">History of Idaho</a></div>
<p>Humans may have been present in the Idaho area as long as 14,500 years ago. Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Butte_Cave" title="Wilson Butte Cave">Wilson Butte Cave</a> near <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a> in 1959 revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> peoples predominant in the area included the <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nez Perce people">Nez Percé</a> in the north and the Northern and Western <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a> in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-16">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>A Late <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> site was identified at Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho near the town of <a href="/wiki/Cottonwood,_Idaho" title="Cottonwood, Idaho">Cottonwood</a> by archaeologists in 2019. Based on evidence found at the site, first people lived in this area 15,300 to 16,600 years ago, predating the <a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a> land bridge by about a thousand years. The discoverers emphasized that they possess similarities with tools and artifacts discovered in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> that date from 16,000 to 13,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-16">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-science_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science-17">[16]</a></sup> The discovery also showed that the first people might not have come to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> by land, as previously theorized. On the contrary, they probably came through the water, using a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> coastal route.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1211633275">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The most parsimonious explanation we think is that people came down the Pacific Coast, and as they encountered the mouth of the Columbia River, they essentially found an off-ramp from this coastal migration and also found their first viable interior route to the areas that are south of the ice sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-science_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science-17">[16]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>An early presence of French-Canadian trappers is visible in names and <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a>: <i>Nez Percé, Cœur d'Alène, Boisé, Payette</i>. Some of these names appeared prior to the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark">Lewis and Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company" title="Pacific Fur Company">Astorian</a> expeditions, which included significant numbers of French and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> guides recruited for their familiarity with the terrain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Idaho, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain until the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction in 1846. From 1843 to 1859, present-day Idaho was under the de facto jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government of Oregon</a>. When Oregon became a state in 1859, what is now Idaho was situated in what remained of the original Oregon Territory, designated as the Washington Territory.
</p><p>Between 1849 and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a> in 1863, parts of present-day Idaho were included in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota</a> Territories. The new Idaho territory included present-day Idaho, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, and most of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>. The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed Idaho in 1805 on the way to the Pacific, and in 1806, on the return trip, largely following the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater River</a> in both directions. The first non-indigenous settlement was <a href="/wiki/Kullyspell_House" title="Kullyspell House">Kullyspell House</a>, established on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pend_Oreille" title="Lake Pend Oreille">Lake Pend Oreille</a> in 1809 by <a href="/wiki/David_Thompson_(explorer)" title="David Thompson (explorer)">David Thompson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Company" title="North West Company">North West Company</a> for fur trading.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> In 1812 <a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackenzie_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Mackenzie (explorer)">Donald Mackenzie</a>, working for the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company" title="Pacific Fur Company">Pacific Fur Company</a> at the time, established a post on the lower Clearwater River near present-day Lewiston. This post, known as "MacKenzie's Post" or "Clearwater", operated until the Pacific Fur Company was bought out by the North West Company in 1813, after which the post was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup> The first organized non-indigenous communities within the present borders of Idaho were established by <a href="/wiki/Mormon_pioneers" title="Mormon pioneers">Mormon pioneers</a> in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup> The first permanent, substantial <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> community was Lewiston, in 1861. Early in its history, Idaho saw a large influx of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese immigrants</a>, who by 1870 made up about 28.5% of the territory's population.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho achieved statehood in 1890, following a difficult start as a territory, including the chaotic transfer of the territorial capital from <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a> to <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement">disenfranchisement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> <a href="/wiki/Polygamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygamist">polygamists</a> upheld by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> in 1890,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup> and a federal attempt to split the territory between Washington Territory, which gained statehood in 1889, a year before Idaho, and the state of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> which had been a state since 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> states during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only ten cents compared to 1919 for $1.51, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Idaho enacted statewide crisis standards of care as COVID-19 patients overwhelmed hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup> The state had one of the lowest vaccination rates in the country as of mid-October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Idaho" title="Geography of Idaho">Geography of Idaho</a></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097763485">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Idaho%22">"Idaho"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Idaho%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Idaho%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Idaho%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Idaho shares a border with six U.S. states and one Canadian province. The states of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> are to the west, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>The landscape is rugged, with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,010 ha), the <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church-River_of_No_Return_Wilderness_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area">Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area</a> is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the continental United States. Idaho is a <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountain</a> state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, vast lakes and steep canyons. The waters of the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake River</a> run through <a href="/wiki/Hells_Canyon" title="Hells Canyon">Hells Canyon</a>, the deepest gorge in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Shoshone_Falls" title="Shoshone Falls">Shoshone Falls</a> falls down cliffs from a height greater than <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>By far, the most important river in Idaho is the Snake River, a major tributary of the Columbia River. The Snake River flows from <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowstone">Yellowstone</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Plain" title="Snake River Plain">Snake River Plain</a> in southern Idaho before turning north, leaving the state at <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a> before joining the Columbia in <a href="/wiki/Kennewick" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennewick">Kennewick</a>. Other major rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Clark_Fork_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Fork (river)">Clark Fork</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pend_Oreille_River" title="Pend Oreille River">Pend Oreille River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_River" title="Spokane River">Spokane River</a>, and, many major tributaries of the Snake River, including the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_River_(Idaho)" title="Salmon River (Idaho)">Salmon River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Payette_River" title="Payette River">Payette River</a>. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a>, at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater</a> and the Snake Rivers is the farthest inland <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> on the West Coast at 465 <a href="/wiki/River_mile" title="River mile">river miles</a> from the Pacific at <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria, Oregon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg/170px-Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg/255px-Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg/340px-Grand_Canyon_of_yellowstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A portion of Yellowstone national Park is located in Idaho. The other parts are in Montana and Wyoming.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The vast majority of Idaho's population lives in the Snake River Plain, a valley running from across the entirety of southern Idaho from east to west. The valley contains the major cities of <a href="/wiki/Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise">Boise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Falls">Idaho Falls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pocatello" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocatello">Pocatello</a>. The plain served as an easy pass through the Rocky Mountains for westward-bound settlers on the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>, and many settlers chose to settle the area rather than risking the treacherous route through the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Pacific_Northwest)" title="Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest)">Blue Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a> to the west. The western region of the plain is known as the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a>, bound between the <a href="/wiki/Owyhee_Mountains" title="Owyhee Mountains">Owyhee Mountains</a> to the southwest and the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Mountains" title="Boise Mountains">Boise Mountains</a> to the northeast. The central region of the Snake River Plain is known as the <a href="/wiki/Magic_Valley" title="Magic Valley">Magic Valley</a>.
</p><p>Idaho's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Borah_Peak" title="Borah Peak">Borah Peak</a>, 12,662 ft (3,859 m), in the <a href="/wiki/Lost_River_Range" title="Lost River Range">Lost River Range</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Mackay,_Idaho" title="Mackay, Idaho">Mackay</a>. Idaho's lowest point, 710 ft (216 m), is in <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater River</a> joins the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake River</a> and continues into Washington. The <a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Range_(Idaho)" title="Sawtooth Range (Idaho)">Sawtooth Range</a> is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></sup> Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the <a href="/wiki/Bitterroot_Range" title="Bitterroot Range">Bitterroot Range</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Mountains" title="White Cloud Mountains">White Cloud Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lost_River_Range" title="Lost River Range">Lost River Range</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Mountains" title="Clearwater Mountains">Clearwater Mountains</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_River_Mountains" title="Salmon River Mountains">Salmon River Mountains</a>.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Salmon-Challis_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon-Challis National Forest">Salmon-Challis National Forest</a> is located in the east central sections of the state, with Salmon National Forest to the north and Challis National Forest to the south. The forest is in an area known as the Idaho Cobalt Belt, which consists of a 34 miles (55 km) long <a href="/wiki/Geological_formation" title="Geological formation">geological formation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rock</a> that contains some of the largest <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> deposits in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho has two <a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">time zones</a>, with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. Southern Idaho, including the <a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a>, are in the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain Time Zone</a>. A legislative error (<a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/chapter-6">ch. 6</a> §264) theoretically placed this region in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central Time Zone</a>, but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a></sup> Areas north of the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_River_(Idaho)" title="Salmon River (Idaho)">Salmon River</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandpoint,_Idaho" title="Sandpoint, Idaho">Sandpoint</a>, are in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a>, which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png/300px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png/450px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png/600px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Idaho.png 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Idaho, using 1991–2020 <a href="/wiki/Climatological_normal" title="Climatological normal">climate normals</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Idaho's <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> varies widely. Although the state's western border is about 330 miles (530 km) from the Pacific Ocean, the maritime influence is still felt in Idaho; especially, in the winter when cloud cover, <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> are at their maximum extent. This influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would otherwise be expected for a northern state with predominantly high elevations.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></sup> In the panhandle, moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Rockies_forests" title="North Central Rockies forests">North Central Rockies forests</a>, creating the <a href="/wiki/North_American_inland_temperate_rainforest" title="North American inland temperate rainforest">North American inland temperate rainforest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup> The maritime influence is least prominent in the state's eastern part where the precipitation patterns are often reversed, with wetter summers and drier winters, and seasonal temperature differences are more extreme, showing a more semi-arid <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over 98 °F (37 °C) are rare, except for the lowest point in elevation, <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a>, which correspondingly sees little snow. Hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since, for most of the state, the highest <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">diurnal</a> difference in temperature is often in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></sup> Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual. Idaho's all-time highest temperature of 118 °F (48 °C) was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Orofino,_Idaho" title="Orofino, Idaho">Orofino</a> on July 28, 1934; the all-time lowest temperature of −60 °F (−51 °C) was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Island_Park_Dam" title="Island Park Dam">Island Park Dam</a> on January 18, 1943.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="13" style="text-align:center;background:#E8EAFA;">Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Idaho cities. (°F)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;">City
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Jan
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Feb
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Mar
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Apr
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">May
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Jun
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Jul
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Aug
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Sep
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Oct
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Nov
</th>
<th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">Dec
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;">Boise
</th>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">38/24
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">45/27
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">55/33
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">62/38
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">72/46
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">81/53
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">91/59
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">90/59
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">79/50
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">65/40
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">48/31
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">38/23
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;">Lewiston
</th>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">42/30
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">47/32
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">55/36
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">62/41
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">72/48
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">79/54
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">91/61
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">90/60
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">80/52
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">63/42
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">49/35
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">41/30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;">Pocatello
</th>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">33/16
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">38/19
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">49/27
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">59/33
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">68/40
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">78/46
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">88/52
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">88/51
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">76/42
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">62/33
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">45/24
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">33/16
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;">Orofino
</th>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">38/25
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">46/28
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">55/32
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">64/38
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">72/44
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">80/50
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">89/54
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">90/53
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">79/45
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">63/36
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">46/31
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">37/26
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"><i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></sup></i>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lakes_and_rivers">Lakes and rivers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lakes and rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Idaho" title="List of rivers of Idaho">List of rivers of Idaho</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg/220px-Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg/330px-Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg/440px-Lakecoeurdalenebig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Coeur_d%27Alene" title="Lake Coeur d'Alene">Lake Coeur d'Alene</a> in North Idaho</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redfish_lake.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Redfish_lake.JPG/220px-Redfish_lake.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Redfish_lake.JPG/330px-Redfish_lake.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Redfish_lake.JPG/440px-Redfish_lake.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Redfish_Lake" title="Redfish Lake">Redfish Lake</a> in central Idaho</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Priest River winds through mountains with a checkerboard design of trees to its east" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg/220px-Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg/330px-Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg/440px-Checkerboard_forest_in_Idaho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Priest_River" title="Priest River">Priest River</a> winding through Whitetail Butte</figcaption></figure>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Fork_River" title="Clark Fork River">Clark Fork River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alturas_Lake" title="Alturas Lake">Alturas Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bear_River_(Great_Salt_Lake)" title="Bear River (Great Salt Lake)">Bear River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_(Idaho%E2%80%93Utah)" title="Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)">Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_River_(Idaho)" title="Clearwater River (Idaho)">Clearwater River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayden Lake">Hayden Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henry%27s_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry's Lake">Henry's Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kootenai_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kootenai River">Kootenai River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Cascade" title="Lake Cascade">Lake Cascade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Cleveland" title="Lake Cleveland">Lake Cleveland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Coeur_d%27Alene" title="Lake Coeur d'Alene">Lake Coeur d'Alene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Lowell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Lowell">Lake Lowell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walcott" title="Lake Walcott">Lake Walcott</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pend_Oreille" title="Lake Pend Oreille">Pend Oreille</a> - Largest in Idaho</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Little_Redfish_Lake" title="Little Redfish Lake">Little Redfish Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Peak_Lake" title="Lucky Peak Lake">Lucky Peak Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moyie_River" title="Moyie River">Moyie River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Fork_Clearwater_River" title="North Fork Clearwater River">North Fork Clearwater River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pack_River" title="Pack River">Pack River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Payette_Lake" title="Payette Lake">Payette Lake</a>, (McCall)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pettit_Lake" title="Pettit Lake">Pettit Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Lake" title="Priest Lake">Priest Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Lake" title="Perkins Lake">Perkins Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portneuf_River_(Idaho)" title="Portneuf River (Idaho)">Portneuf River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Redfish_Lake" title="Redfish Lake">Redfish Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_River_(Idaho)" title="Salmon River (Idaho)">Salmon River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Lake" title="Sawtooth Lake">Sawtooth Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake River</a> - Longest</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Lake" title="Stanley Lake">Stanley Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._Joe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joe River">St. Joe River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Lake" title="Warm Lake">Warm Lake</a></li></ul></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_in_Idaho" title="National Parks in Idaho">National Parks in Idaho</a></div>
<p>As of 2018:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="National_parks.2C_reserves.2C_monuments_and_historic_sites"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="National_parks,_reserves,_monuments_and_historic_sites">National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmon-Challis_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon-Challis National Forest">Salmon-Challis National Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="California National Historic Trail">California National Historic Trail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Rocks_National_Reserve" title="City of Rocks National Reserve">City of Rocks National Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hagerman_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument">Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minidoka_National_Historic_Site" title="Minidoka National Historic Site">Minidoka National Historic Site</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historical_Park" title="Nez Perce National Historical Park">Nez Perce National Historical Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon National Historic Trail">Oregon National Historic Trail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail">Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="National_recreation_areas">National recreation areas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National recreation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Hells Canyon National Recreation Area">Hells Canyon National Recreation Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_National_Recreation_Area" title="Sawtooth National Recreation Area">Sawtooth National Recreation Area</a></li></ul></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="National_wildlife_refuges_and_Wilderness_Areas">National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camas_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Camas National Wildlife Refuge">Camas National Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Flat_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge">Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Church%E2%80%93River_of_No_Return_Wilderness" title="Frank Church–River of No Return Wilderness">Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grays_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kootenai_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge">Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minidoka_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge">Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="National_conservation_areas">National conservation areas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: National conservation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Birds_of_Prey_National_Conservation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area">Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area</a></li></ul>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg/220px-DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg/330px-DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg/440px-DSCN6179_bearlake_e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_(Idaho%E2%80%93Utah)" title="Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)">Bear Lake</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_State_Park_(Idaho)" title="Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)">Bear Lake State Park</a></figcaption></figure>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State_parks">State parks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: State parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg/220px-Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg/330px-Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg/440px-Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park" title="Bruneau Dunes State Park">Bruneau Dunes State Park</a></figcaption></figure>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Idaho_state_parks" title="List of Idaho state parks">List of Idaho state parks</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_State_Park_(Idaho)" title="Bear Lake State Park (Idaho)">Bear Lake State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bruneau_Dunes_State_Park" title="Bruneau Dunes State Park">Bruneau Dunes State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rocks_State_Park" title="Castle Rocks State Park">Castle Rocks State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Rocks_National_Reserve" title="City of Rocks National Reserve">City of Rocks National Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_Parkway_State_Park" title="Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park">Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dworshak_State_Park" title="Dworshak State Park">Dworshak State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Island_State_Park_(Idaho)" title="Eagle Island State Park (Idaho)">Eagle Island State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Farragut_State_Park" title="Farragut State Park">Farragut State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harriman_State_Park_(Idaho)" title="Harriman State Park (Idaho)">Harriman State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Gate_State_Park" title="Hells Gate State Park">Hells Gate State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henrys_Lake_State_Park" title="Henrys Lake State Park">Henrys Lake State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heyburn_State_Park" title="Heyburn State Park">Heyburn State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Cascade_State_Park" title="Lake Cascade State Park">Lake Cascade State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walcott_State_Park" title="Lake Walcott State Park">Lake Walcott State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Yankee_Fork_State_Park" title="Land of the Yankee Fork State Park">Land of the Yankee Fork State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Peak_State_Park" title="Lucky Peak State Park">Lucky Peak State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_Rocks_State_Park" title="Massacre Rocks State Park">Massacre Rocks State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McCroskey_State_Park" title="McCroskey State Park">McCroskey State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Old_Mission_State_Park" title="Old Mission State Park">Old Mission State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ponderosa_State_Park" title="Ponderosa State Park">Ponderosa State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Lake_State_Park" title="Priest Lake State Park">Priest Lake State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Round_Lake_State_Park" title="Round Lake State Park">Round Lake State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Springs_State_Park" title="Thousand Springs State Park">Thousand Springs State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Three_Island_Crossing_State_Park" title="Three Island Crossing State Park">Three Island Crossing State Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_the_Coeur_d%27Alenes" title="Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes">Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Lake_State_Park" title="Winchester Lake State Park">Winchester Lake State Park</a></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Population">Population</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Idaho_population_map.png/180px-Idaho_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Idaho_population_map.png/270px-Idaho_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Idaho_population_map.png/360px-Idaho_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Idaho population density map</figcaption></figure>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1139752202">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style>
<table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right">
<caption>Historical population</caption>
<tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr>
<tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>14,999</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>32,610</td><td></td><td>117.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>88,548</td><td></td><td>171.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>161,772</td><td></td><td>82.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>325,594</td><td></td><td>101.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>431,866</td><td></td><td>32.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>445,032</td><td></td><td>3.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>524,873</td><td></td><td>17.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>588,637</td><td></td><td>12.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>667,191</td><td></td><td>13.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>712,567</td><td></td><td>6.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>943,935</td><td></td><td>32.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>1,006,749</td><td></td><td>6.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>1,293,953</td><td></td><td>28.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>1,567,582</td><td></td><td>21.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>1,839,106</td><td></td><td>17.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">1,964,726</td><td></td><td>6.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Source: 1910–2020<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></sup>
<br />2023<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> determined Idaho's population was 1,900,923 on July 1, 2021, a 21% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PopEstUS_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopEstUS-48">[47]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho had an estimated population of 1,754,208 in 2018, which was an increase of 37,265, from the prior year and an increase of 186,626, or 11.91%, since 2010. This included a natural increase since the last census of 58,884 (111,131 births minus 52,247 deaths) and an increase due to net <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migration</a> of 75,795 people into the state. There are large numbers of Americans of English and German ancestry in Idaho. <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 14,522 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 61,273 people.
</p><p>According to the American Immigration Council, in 2018, the top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, China and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho's population increased by 17.3% from 2010 to 2020, the second fastest state growth rate in the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>Nampa, about 20 miles (30 km) west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing Pocatello and Idaho Falls. Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010. Located between Nampa and Boise, Meridian also experienced high growth, from fewer than 10,000 residents in 1990 to more than 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in <a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post_Falls,_Idaho" title="Post Falls, Idaho">Post Falls</a>, and Twin Falls.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%). The <a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a> (officially known as the Boise City-Nampa, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area) is Idaho's largest metropolitan area. Other metropolitan areas in order of size are <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 1,998 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Idaho.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></sup>
</p>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png/295px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png" decoding="async" width="295" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png/443px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png/590px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Idaho.png 2x" data-file-width="5047" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Idaho</figcaption></figure>
<table class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; display:inline-table;">
<caption><b>Idaho historical racial composition</b>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Racial composition</th>
<th>1970<sup id="cite_ref-census_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-55">[54]</a></sup></th>
<th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-census_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-55">[54]</a></sup></th>
<th>2000<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></sup></th>
<th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></sup></th>
<th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White or European American</a></td>
<td>98.1%</td>
<td>94.4%</td>
<td>90.1%</td>
<td>89.1%</td>
<td>82.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indigenous</a></td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>1.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>1.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a></td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>0.6%</td>
<td>0.9%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <br /><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>3.0%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>5.1%</td>
<td>5.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>2.5%</td>
<td>8.3%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_ancestry.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Idaho_ancestry.png/220px-Idaho_ancestry.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Idaho_ancestry.png/330px-Idaho_ancestry.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Idaho_ancestry.png/440px-Idaho_ancestry.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>There are large numbers of Americans of German and English ancestry in Idaho.</figcaption></figure>
<p>According to the 2017 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, 12.2% of Idaho's population were of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> origin (of any race): <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> (10.6%), <a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> (0.2%), <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a> (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (1.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-ACS2017DEMO_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS2017DEMO-59">[58]</a></sup> The five largest ancestry groups were: <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> (17.5%), <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> (16.4%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> (9.3%), <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> (8.1%), and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a> (3.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>The majority of Idaho's population is of European (white) descent. Most Idaho's white population trace their ancestry to the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, France, Italy, or Poland. Latinos constitute around one-tenth of the population. There are also small numbers of Native Americans, Asians, and African Americans in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2018, The top countries of origin for Idaho's immigrants were <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>There are 5 federally recognized Native American tribes in the state. These tribes include the Shoshone-Bannock, the Shoshone-Paiute, the Coeur d’Alene, the Kootenai and the Nez Perce.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Birth_data">Birth data</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Birth data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Idaho_counties_by_race.svg/168px-Idaho_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Idaho_counties_by_race.svg/252px-Idaho_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Idaho_counties_by_race.svg/336px-Idaho_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Map of counties in Idaho by racial plurality, per the 2020 census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Non-Hispanic White</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cc4125; color:white;"> </span> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a61c00; color:white;"> </span> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#85200c; color:white;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5b0f00; color:white;"> </span> 80–90%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#410b00; color:white;"> </span> 90%+</div>   </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure>
<p><i>Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.</i>
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%">
<caption>Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a>
</th>
<th>2013<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2014<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2015<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2016<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2017<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2022<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a>:
</td>
<td>21,246 (94.9%)
</td>
<td>21,696 (94.8%)
</td>
<td>21,618 (94.7%)
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td>
<td>...
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic White</a>
</td>
<td>17,951 (80.2%)
</td>
<td>18,188 (79.5%)
</td>
<td>18,087 (79.2%)
</td>
<td>17,543 (78.0%)
</td>
<td>17,151 (77.3%)
</td>
<td>16,574 (77.4%)
</td>
<td>16,959 (76.9%)
</td>
<td>16,463 (76.4%)
</td>
<td>17,039 (76.0%)
</td>
<td>16,894 (75.4%)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>
</td>
<td>491 (2.2%)
</td>
<td>501 (2.2%)
</td>
<td>516 (2.3%)
</td>
<td>363 (1.6%)
</td>
<td>366 (1.7%)
</td>
<td>348 (1.6%)
</td>
<td>350 (1.6%)
</td>
<td>327 (1.5%)
</td>
<td>380 (1.7%)
</td>
<td>378 (1.7%)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a>
</td>
<td>225 (1.0%)
</td>
<td>250 (1.1%)
</td>
<td>287 (1.2%)
</td>
<td>217 (1.0%)
</td>
<td>243 (1.1%)
</td>
<td>233 (1.1%)
</td>
<td>261 (1.2%)
</td>
<td>265 (1.2%)
</td>
<td>271 (1.2%)
</td>
<td>258 (1.2%)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>
</td>
<td>421 (1.9%)
</td>
<td>429 (1.9%)
</td>
<td>406 (1.8%)
</td>
<td>261 (1.2%)
</td>
<td>337 (1.5%)
</td>
<td>285 (1.3%)
</td>
<td>291 (1.3%)
</td>
<td>206 (0.9%)
</td>
<td>232 (1.0%)
</td>
<td>260 (1.2%)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a></i> (of any race)
</td>
<td><i>3,422</i> (15.3%)
</td>
<td><i>3,651</i> (16.0%)
</td>
<td><i>3,645</i> (16.0%)
</td>
<td><i>3,614</i> (16.1%)
</td>
<td><i>3,598</i> (16.2%)
</td>
<td><i>3,549</i> (16.6%)
</td>
<td><i>3,702</i> (16.8%)
</td>
<td><i>3,687</i> (17.1%)
</td>
<td><i>3,887</i> (17.3%)
</td>
<td><i>4,002</i> (17.9%)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Total Idaho</b>
</td>
<td><b>22,383</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,876</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,827</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,482</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,181</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>21,403</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,063</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>21,533</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,427</b> (100%)
</td>
<td><b>22,391</b> (100%)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li>Since 2016, data for births of <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a> origin are not collected, but included in one <i>Hispanic</i> group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg/170px-Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg/255px-Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg/340px-Idaho_Falls_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="3291" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls_Idaho_Temple" title="Idaho Falls Idaho Temple">Idaho Falls Idaho Temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, 2006</figcaption></figure>
<div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px">
<div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)">
<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Red; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:White"></div>
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<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:95.105651629515px 30.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:63.742398974869px 77.051324277579px 0 0; border-top-color:Lightblue"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 93.906250581749px 100px 0; border-right-color:Blue"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div>
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<p>Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2022 <i>American Values Survey</i><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a></sup>
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lightblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> (24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> (9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Teal; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (26%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> (3%)</div>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> on Religion & Public Life, the self-identified religious affiliations of Idahoans over the age of 18 in 2008 and 2014 were:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Denomination
</th>
<th>2008<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2014<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, including:</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>81%</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>67%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestant">Evangelical Protestant</a>
</td>
<td align="center">22%
</td>
<td align="center">21%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a>
</td>
<td align="center">16%
</td>
<td align="center">16%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>
</td>
<td align="center">18%
</td>
<td align="center">10%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Historically Black Protestant</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>
</td>
<td align="center">23%
</td>
<td align="center">19%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>
</td>
<td align="center">1%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* Other Christian
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Unaffiliated</a>, including:</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>18%</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>27%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* Nothing in particular
</td>
<td align="center">n/d
</td>
<td align="center">22%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">Agnostic</a>
</td>
<td align="center">n/d
</td>
<td align="center">3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">Atheist</a>
</td>
<td align="center">n/d
</td>
<td align="center">2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Non-Christian faiths, including:</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>n/d</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>4%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* Other world religions
</td>
<td align="center">< 0.5%
</td>
<td align="center">< 1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>* Other faiths (<a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a>, etc.)
</td>
<td align="center">n/d
</td>
<td align="center">2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Don't know/refused</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>< 0.5%</b>
</td>
<td align="center"><b>1%</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>, the largest denominations by number of members in 2010 were <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Idaho" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Idaho">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> with 409,265; the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> with 123,400; the non-denominational Protestants with 62,637; and the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God</a> with 22,183.<sup id="cite_ref-www.thearda.com_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-78">[77]</a></sup> In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives revealed Mormons remained the largest with 462,069, followed by Catholics (203,790), and non-denominational Protestantism (98,996).<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2022, the Public Religion Research Institute's <i>American Values Survey</i> estimated altogether, 72% of the population was Christian, 26% were religiously unaffiliated, and 3% were New Agers. Of its Christian population, 37% were Protestant, 24% Mormon, 9% Catholic, and 2% <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Language">Language</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Native_American_languages_of_Idaho" title="Native American languages of Idaho">Native American languages of Idaho</a></div>
<p>English is the state's predominant language. Minority languages include <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a></sup> and various <a href="/wiki/Native_American_languages_of_Idaho" title="Native American languages of Idaho">Native American languages</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Idaho" title="Economy of Idaho">Economy of Idaho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idaho_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho locations by per capita income">Idaho locations by per capita income</a></div><p>As of 2016, the state's total employment was 562,282, and the total employer establishments were 45,826.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">Gross state product</a> for 2015 was $64.9 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-2015_GDP_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015_GDP-82">[81]</a></sup> and the per capita income based on 2015 GDP and 2015 population estimates was $39,100.<sup id="cite_ref-2015_GDP_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015_GDP-82">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2015_Population_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015_Population-83">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for <a href="/wiki/Processed_cheese" title="Processed cheese">processed cheese</a>, is in <a href="/wiki/Gooding,_Idaho" title="Gooding, Idaho">Gooding, Idaho</a>. It has a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year of barrel cheese and belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Glanbia" title="Glanbia">Glanbia</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> has operated a large plant in Boise since the 1970s, which is devoted primarily to <a href="/wiki/HP_LaserJet" title="HP LaserJet">LaserJet printers</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho has a <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Lottery" title="Idaho Lottery">state gambling lottery</a>, which contributed $333.5 million in payments to all Idaho <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">public schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Idaho" title="List of colleges and universities in Idaho">Idaho higher education</a> from 1990 to 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American Falls Dam"><img alt="American Falls Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg/200px-US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg/300px-US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/US_ID_AmericanFalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/American_Falls_Dam" title="American Falls Dam">American Falls Dam</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheat_harvest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wheat harvest on the Palouse"><img alt="Wheat harvest on the Palouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wheat_harvest.jpg/200px-Wheat_harvest.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wheat_harvest.jpg/300px-Wheat_harvest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wheat_harvest.jpg/400px-Wheat_harvest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="417" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Wheat harvest on the <a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Taxation">Taxation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Tax is collected by the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Tax_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho State Tax Commission">Idaho State Tax Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a></sup>
</p><p>The state personal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> is a flat 5.8%. Idahoans may apply for state <a href="/wiki/Tax_credit" title="Tax credit">tax credits</a> for taxes paid to other states, as well as for donations to Idaho state educational entities and some nonprofit youth and rehabilitation facilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>The state <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> is 6% with a very limited, selective local option up to 6.5%. Sales tax applies to the sale, rental or lease of tangible personal property and some services. Food is taxed, but <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a> are not. Hotel, <a href="/wiki/Motel" title="Motel">motel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Campground" class="mw-redirect" title="Campground">campground</a> accommodations are taxed at a higher rate (7% to 11%). Some jurisdictions impose local option sales tax.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a></sup>
</p><p>The sales tax was introduced at 3% in 1965, easily approved by voters,<sup id="cite_ref-csrv_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csrv-89">[88]</a></sup> where it remained at 3% until 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-stxhis_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stxhis-90">[89]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Energy">Energy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Idaho" title="List of power stations in Idaho">List of power stations in Idaho</a></div>
<p>Idaho has a regulated electricity market, with the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Idaho Public Utilities Commission">Idaho Public Utilities Commission</a> regulating the three major utilities of <a href="/wiki/Avista" title="Avista">Avista Utilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Power" title="Idaho Power">Idaho Power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PacifiCorp" title="PacifiCorp">Rocky Mountain Power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho consumes almost four times more energy than it produces. In 2022, renewable energy sources accounted for 75% of the total electricity generated in the state, the fourth-highest share of renewable electricity for any state.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></sup> In 2022, half of Idaho's utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) electricity generating capacity is at hydroelectric power plants, 25% from natural gas, 17% of the state's total in-state electricity net generation came from wind facilities, 4% from solar and 1% from geothermal.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a></sup> Washington State provides most of the natural gas used in Idaho through one of the two major pipeline systems supplying the state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Idaho" title="Solar power in Idaho">solar power</a> using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of <a href="/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power" title="Concentrated solar power">concentrated solar power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a></sup> Idaho had 973 MW of installed wind power as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Transportation_Department" title="Idaho Transportation Department">Idaho Transportation Department</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agency</a> responsible for Idaho's transportation infrastructure, including <a href="/wiki/Maintenance,_repair_and_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance, repair and operations">operations and maintenance</a>, as well as planning for future needs. The agency is also responsible for overseeing the disbursement of <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_federal_assistance_in_the_United_States" title="Administration of federal assistance in the United States">federal</a>, state, and <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grant</a> <a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">funding</a> for the transportation programs of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-96">[95]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Highways">Highways</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Idaho" title="List of state highways in Idaho">List of state highways in Idaho</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I-15.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/50px-I-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/75px-I-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/100px-I-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Idaho" title="Interstate 15 in Idaho">I-15</a> shield</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_95.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/50px-US_95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/75px-US_95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/100px-US_95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_95_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 95 in Idaho">US-95 shield</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Major federal aid highways in Idaho:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;">
<ul><li><b>North/South</b>
<ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/US_89.svg/24px-US_89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/US_89.svg/36px-US_89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/US_89.svg/48px-US_89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_89_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 89 in Idaho">US 89</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/US_91.svg/24px-US_91.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/US_91.svg/36px-US_91.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/US_91.svg/48px-US_91.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_91_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 91 in Idaho">US 91</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/24px-US_93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/36px-US_93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/48px-US_93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_93_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 93 in Idaho">US 93</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/24px-US_95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/36px-US_95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/US_95.svg/48px-US_95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_95_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 95 in Idaho">US 95</a></li></ul></li>
<li><b>West/East</b>
<ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/24px-US_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/36px-US_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/48px-US_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 2 in Idaho">US 2</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_12.svg/24px-US_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_12.svg/36px-US_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_12.svg/48px-US_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 12 in Idaho">US 12</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/US_20.svg/24px-US_20.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/US_20.svg/36px-US_20.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/US_20.svg/48px-US_20.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 20 in Idaho">US 20</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_26.svg/24px-US_26.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_26.svg/36px-US_26.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_26.svg/48px-US_26.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_26_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 26 in Idaho">US 26</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_30.svg/24px-US_30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_30.svg/36px-US_30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_30.svg/48px-US_30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_30_in_Idaho" title="U.S. Route 30 in Idaho">US 30</a></li></ul></li>
<li><b>Interstates</b>
<ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/24px-I-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/36px-I-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/I-15.svg/48px-I-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Idaho" title="Interstate 15 in Idaho">I-15</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/I-84.svg/24px-I-84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/I-84.svg/36px-I-84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/I-84.svg/48px-I-84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Idaho" title="Interstate 84 in Idaho">I-84</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/I-86.svg/24px-I-86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/I-86.svg/36px-I-86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/I-86.svg/48px-I-86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_86_(Idaho)" title="Interstate 86 (Idaho)">I-86</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I-90.svg/24px-I-90.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I-90.svg/36px-I-90.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/I-90.svg/48px-I-90.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Idaho" title="Interstate 90 in Idaho">I-90</a></li>
<li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/I-184.svg/30px-I-184.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/I-184.svg/45px-I-184.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/I-184.svg/60px-I-184.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_184" title="Interstate 184">I-184</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Airports">Airports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Major airports include the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a> which serves the southwest region of Idaho and the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Spokane International Airport</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>) which serves northern Idaho. Other airports with scheduled service are the <a href="/wiki/Pullman-Moscow_Regional_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport">Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport</a> serving the <a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Lewiston-Nez_Perce_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewiston-Nez Perce County Airport">Lewiston-Nez Perce County Airport</a>, serving the Lewis-Clark Valley and <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Idaho" title="North Central Idaho">north central</a> and west central Idaho; The <a href="/wiki/Magic_Valley_Regional_Airport" title="Magic Valley Regional Airport">Magic Valley Regional Airport</a> in Twin Falls; <a href="/wiki/Friedman_Memorial_Airport" title="Friedman Memorial Airport">Friedman Memorial Airport</a> in Hailey; the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls_Regional_Airport" title="Idaho Falls Regional Airport">Idaho Falls Regional Airport</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Pocatello_Regional_Airport" title="Pocatello Regional Airport">Pocatello Regional Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Railroads">Railroads</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Railroads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Idaho is served by three transcontinental railroads. The <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Northern Santa Fe">Burlington Northern Santa Fe</a> (BNSF) connects the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">Idaho Panhandle</a> with <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> and Chicago to the east. The <a href="/wiki/BNSF" class="mw-redirect" title="BNSF">BNSF</a> travels through <a href="/wiki/Kootenai_County,_Idaho" title="Kootenai County, Idaho">Kootenai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonner_County,_Idaho" title="Bonner County, Idaho">Bonner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boundary_County,_Idaho" title="Boundary County, Idaho">Boundary</a> counties. The <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> crosses North Idaho, entering from Canada through <a href="/wiki/Boundary_County,_Idaho" title="Boundary County, Idaho">Boundary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonner_County,_Idaho" title="Bonner County, Idaho">Bonner</a>, and proceeding to Spokane. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> tracks in North Idaho, carrying products from <a href="/wiki/Alberta,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta, Canada">Alberta</a> to <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s Empire Builder crosses northern Idaho, with its only stop being in <a href="/wiki/Sandpoint,_Idaho" title="Sandpoint, Idaho">Sandpoint</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montana_Rail_Link" title="Montana Rail Link">Montana Rail Link</a> also operates between <a href="/wiki/Billings,_Montana" title="Billings, Montana">Billings, Montana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandpoint,_Idaho" title="Sandpoint, Idaho">Sandpoint, Idaho</a>.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Utah" title="Ogden, Utah">Ogden, Utah</a>, and serves <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a>, and Pocatello.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ports">Ports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Port of Lewiston is the farthest inland Pacific port on the west coast. A series of dams and locks on the Snake River and Columbia River facilitate barge travel from Lewiston to Portland, where goods are loaded on ocean-going vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_and_government">Law and government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Idaho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boise_Idaho.jpg/170px-Boise_Idaho.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boise_Idaho.jpg/255px-Boise_Idaho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boise_Idaho.jpg/340px-Boise_Idaho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Capitol" title="Idaho State Capitol">Idaho State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></figcaption></figure>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="State_constitution">State constitution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: State constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Constitutional_Convention" title="Idaho Constitutional Convention">Idaho Constitutional Convention</a></div>
<p>The constitution of Idaho is roughly modeled on the national constitution, with several additions. The constitution defines the form and functions of the state government, and may be amended through <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a>. The state constitution presently requires the state government to maintain a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balanced budget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-99">[98]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Idaho_Code_and_Statutes">Idaho Code and Statutes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Idaho Code and Statutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>All of Idaho's state laws are contained in the Idaho Code and Statutes. The code is amended through the legislature with the approval of the governor. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-99">[98]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho has one of the <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Abortion law in the United States by state">strictest abortion laws in the nation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a></sup> In April 2023, the Idaho became the first state to restrict interstate travel for abortion services.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-101">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-102">[101]</a></sup> Nearly all abortions are banned and private citizens can sue abortion providers. The Idaho Supreme Court has ruled there is no constitutional right to abortion. A federal judge ruled in 2022 that doctors cannot be punished for performing an abortion to protect a patient's health.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a></sup> The state abortion laws have led to an outmigration of physicians who specialize in maternal/fetal care.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="State_government">State government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: State government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The constitution of Idaho provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature, elected from 35 legislative districts, each represented by one senator and two representatives.
</p><p>Since 1946, statewide elected constitutional officers have been elected to four-year terms. They include: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Idaho">Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Idaho" title="Lieutenant Governor of Idaho">Lieutenant Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Idaho" title="Secretary of State of Idaho">Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_state_controller" title="Idaho state controller">Idaho state controller</a> (Auditor before 1994), Treasurer, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Attorney_General" title="Idaho Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, and Superintendent of Public Instruction.
</p><p>Last contested in 1966, Inspector of Mines was an originally elected constitutional office. Afterward it was an appointed position and ultimately done away with entirely in 1974.
</p><p>Idaho's government has an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">alcohol monopoly</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Liquor_Division" title="Idaho State Liquor Division">Idaho State Liquor Division</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Idaho">List of Governors of Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Idaho" title="Lieutenant Governor of Idaho">Lieutenant Governor of Idaho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Idaho" title="Secretary of State of Idaho">Secretary of State of Idaho</a></div>
<p>The governor of Idaho serves a four-year term and is elected during what is nationally referred to as midterm elections. As such, the governor is not elected in the same election year as the president of the United States. The current governor is <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Brad_Little" title="Brad Little">Brad Little</a>, who was first elected in 2018 and re-elected in 2022. Idaho is 1 of 13 states with no term limits for Governor.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Legislature" title="Idaho Legislature">Idaho Legislature</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Chamber,_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg/220px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg/330px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg/440px-House_of_Representatives_Chamber%2C_Idaho_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6112" data-file-height="4366" /></a><figcaption>Chamber of the House of Representatives in 2018</figcaption></figure>
<p>Idaho's <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">legislature</a> is part-time. Because of this, Idaho's legislators are considered "citizen legislators", meaning their position as a legislator is not their main occupation. However, the session may be extended if necessary, and often is.
</p><p>Terms for both the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Senate" title="Idaho Senate">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> are two years. Legislative elections occur every even numbered year.
</p><p>Both of Idaho's state legislative chambers have been continuously controlled by Republicans since 1960, although Democratic legislators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, <a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Idaho" title="Blaine County, Idaho">Blaine County</a> and the northern Panhandle.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Idaho" title="Courts of Idaho">Courts of Idaho</a></div>
<p>The highest court in Idaho is the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Supreme_Court" title="Idaho Supreme Court">Idaho Supreme Court</a>. There is also an intermediate <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Court_of_Appeals" title="Idaho Court of Appeals">Idaho Court of Appeals</a>, which hears cases assigned to it from the Supreme Court. The state's District Courts serve seven judicial districts.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Idaho" title="Political party strength in Idaho">Political party strength in Idaho</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">United States presidential elections in Idaho</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg/220px-Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg/330px-Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg/440px-Party_registration_by_Idaho_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5069" data-file-height="7813" /></a><figcaption>Party registration by Idaho county (January 2023): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffb2b2; color:black;"> </span> Republican >= 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e27f7f; color:black;"> </span> Republican >= 50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d75d5d; color:black;"> </span> Republican >= 60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d72f30; color:white;"> </span> Republican >= 70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c21b18; color:white;"> </span> Republican >= 80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80ff80; color:black;"> </span> Unaffiliated >= 40%</div></figcaption></figure>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>Voter Registration Totals as of April 2024<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2">Party
</th>
<th>Number of Voters
</th>
<th>Percentage
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">584,152
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">58.39%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Unaffiliated</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">275,286
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">27.52%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">125,521
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">12.54%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">11,254
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">1.12%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#A356DE; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">4,141
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">0.41%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Total
</th>
<th style="text-align:center;">1,000,354
</th>
<th style="text-align:center;">100.00%
</th></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;">
<caption>United States presidential election results for Idaho<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>No. </th>
<th scope="col">%</th>
<th scope="col">No. </th>
<th scope="col">%</th>
<th scope="col">No. </th>
<th scope="col">%
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2020 United States presidential election in Idaho">2020</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">554,119
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>63.67%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">287,021
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">32.98%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">29,203
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.36%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2016 United States presidential election in Idaho">2016</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">409,055
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59.25%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">189,765
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">27.48%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">91,613
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">13.27%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2012 United States presidential election in Idaho">2012</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">420,911
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>64.09%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">212,787
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">32.40%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">23,044
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.51%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2008 United States presidential election in Idaho">2008</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">403,012
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>61.21%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">236,440
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">35.91%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">19,002
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.89%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2004 United States presidential election in Idaho">2004</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">409,235
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>68.38%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">181,098
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">30.26%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8,114
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.36%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2000 United States presidential election in Idaho">2000</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">336,937
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>67.17%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">138,637
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">27.64%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">26,047
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.19%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1996 United States presidential election in Idaho">1996</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">256,595
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>52.18%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">165,443
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">33.65%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">69,681
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">14.17%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1992 United States presidential election in Idaho">1992</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">202,645
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>42.03%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">137,013
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">28.42%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">142,484
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">29.55%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1988 United States presidential election in Idaho">1988</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">253,881
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>62.08%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">147,272
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">36.01%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,815
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.91%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1984 United States presidential election in Idaho">1984</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">297,523
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>72.36%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">108,510
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">26.39%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,111
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.24%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1980 United States presidential election in Idaho">1980</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">290,699
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>66.46%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">110,192
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">25.19%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">36,540
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.35%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1976 United States presidential election in Idaho">1976</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">204,151
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59.88%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">126,549
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">37.12%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10,232
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.00%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1972 United States presidential election in Idaho">1972</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">199,384
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>64.24%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">80,826
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">26.04%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">30,169
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9.72%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1968 United States presidential election in Idaho">1968</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">165,369
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>56.79%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">89,273
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">30.66%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">36,541
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">12.55%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1964 United States presidential election in Idaho">1964</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">143,557
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.08%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">148,920
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.92%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1960 United States presidential election in Idaho">1960</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">161,597
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>53.78%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">138,853
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">46.22%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1956 United States presidential election in Idaho">1956</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">166,979
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>61.17%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">105,868
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">38.78%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">142
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.05%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1952 United States presidential election in Idaho">1952</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">180,707
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>65.41%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">95,081
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">34.42%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">466
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.17%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1948 United States presidential election in Idaho">1948</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">101,514
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.26%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">107,370
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>49.98%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,932
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.76%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1944 United States presidential election in Idaho">1944</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">100,137
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.07%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">107,399
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>51.55%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">785
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.38%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1940 United States presidential election in Idaho">1940</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">106,553
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.31%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">127,842
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>54.36%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">773
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.33%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1936 United States presidential election in Idaho">1936</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">66,256
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33.19%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">125,683
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>62.96%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,678
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.85%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1932 United States presidential election in Idaho">1932</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">71,417
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.27%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">109,479
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.66%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,729
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.07%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1928 United States presidential election in Idaho">1928</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">97,322
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>64.22%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">52,926
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">34.93%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,293
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.85%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1924 United States presidential election in Idaho">1924</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">69,879
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47.12%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">24,256
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">16.36%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">54,160
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">36.52%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1920 United States presidential election in Idaho">1920</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">88,975
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>65.60%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">46,579
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">34.34%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">70
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.05%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1916 United States presidential election in Idaho">1916</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55,368
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.13%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">70,054
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>52.04%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9,193
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.83%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1912 United States presidential election in Idaho">1912</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">32,810
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31.02%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">33,921
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>32.08%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">39,023
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">36.90%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1908 United States presidential election in Idaho">1908</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52,621
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>54.09%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">36,162
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">37.17%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8,510
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.75%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1904 United States presidential election in Idaho">1904</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47,783
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>65.84%</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">18,480
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">25.46%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,315
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.70%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1900 United States presidential election in Idaho">1900</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27,198
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.96%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">29,414
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.79%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,302
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.25%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1896 United States presidential election in Idaho">1896</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">6,314
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">21.32%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">23,135
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>78.10%</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">172
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.58%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#ACE1AF"><b><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1892 United States presidential election in Idaho">1892</a></b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">8,599
</td>
<td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.31%
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">0
</td>
<td style="background-color:#B0CEFF">0.00%
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10,808
</td>
<td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;"><b>55.69%</b>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>After the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, many Midwestern and Southern <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> moved to the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a>. As a result, the early territorial legislatures were solidly Democrat-controlled. In contrast, most of the territorial governors were appointed by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> presidents and were Republicans. This led to sometimes-bitter clashes between the two parties, including a range war with the Democrats backing the sheepherders and the Republicans the cattlemen, which ended in the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(prospector)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Davis (prospector)">"Diamondfield" Jack Davis</a> murder trial. In the 1880s, Republicans became more prominent in local politics.
</p><p>In 1864, Clinton DeWitt Smith removed the territorial seal and the state constitution from a locked safe, and took them to Boise. This effectively moved the capital from where they were stored (<a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston, Idaho</a>) to the current capital, Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since statehood, the Republican Party has usually been the dominant party in Idaho. At one time, Idaho had two Democratic parties, one being the mainstream and the other called the Anti-Mormon Democrats, lasting into the early 20th century. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the <a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist Party</a> enjoyed prominence, while the Democratic Party maintained a brief dominance in the 1930s during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. Since World War<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, most statewide-elected officials have been Republicans, though the Democrats did hold the majority in the House (by one seat) in 1958 and the governorship from 1971 to 1995.
</p><p>Idaho Congressional delegations have also been generally Republican since statehood. Several Idaho Democrats have had electoral success in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> over the years, but the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> delegation has been a Republican stronghold for decades. Several Idaho Republicans, including current Senators <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a>, have won reelection to the Senate, but only <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a> has won reelection as a Democrat. Church's <a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="1974 United States Senate election in Idaho">1974</a> victory was the last win for his party for either Senate seat, and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Minnick" title="Walt Minnick">Walt Minnick</a>'s 2008 victory in the <a href="/wiki/Idaho%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Idaho's 1st congressional district">1st congressional district</a> was the last Democratic win in any congressional race.
</p><p>In modern times, Idaho has been a reliably Republican state in presidential politics. It has not supported a Democrat for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> since <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>. Even in that election, <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> in the state by fewer than two percentage points, compared to a landslide nationally. In <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> carried Idaho by a margin of 38 percentage points and with 68.4% of the vote, winning in 43 of 44 counties. Only <a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Idaho" title="Blaine County, Idaho">Blaine County</a>, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Idaho" title="Sun Valley, Idaho">Sun Valley</a> ski resort, supported <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, who owns a home in the area. In <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s 36.1 percent<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a></sup> showing was the best for a Democratic presidential candidate in Idaho since <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>. However, Republican margins were narrower in <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>.
</p><p>In the 2006 elections, Republicans, led by gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/C._L._Otter" class="mw-redirect" title="C. L. Otter">Butch Otter</a>, won all the state's constitutional offices and retained both of the state's seats in the House. However, Democrats picked up several seats in the Idaho Legislature, notably in the Boise area.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p><p>Republicans lost one of the House seats in 2008 to Minnick, but Republican <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a> retained <a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig" title="Larry Craig">Larry Craig</a>'s Senate seat for the GOP by a comfortable margin.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup> Minnick lost his seat in the 2010 election to Republican State Rep. <a href="/wiki/Raul_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Raul Labrador">Raul Labrador</a>.
</p><p>Idaho retains the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>. Pending the outcome of a legal challenge on a bill passed on 20 March 2023, authorized methods of execution include the <a href="/wiki/Firing_Squad" class="mw-redirect" title="Firing Squad">Firing Squad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Idaho%22">"Idaho"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Idaho%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Idaho%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Idaho%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span id="K.E2.80.9312"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="K–12">K–12</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: K–12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Idaho" title="List of school districts in Idaho">List of school districts in Idaho</a></div>
<p>As of January 2020, the State of Idaho contains 105 <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></sup> and 62 <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></sup> The school districts range in enrollment from two to 39,507 students.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho school districts are governed by elected school boards, which are elected in November of odd-numbered years,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></sup> except for the <a href="/wiki/Boise_School_District" title="Boise School District">Boise School District</a>, whose elections are held in September.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spori_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spori_Building.jpg/220px-Spori_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spori_Building.jpg/330px-Spori_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spori_Building.jpg/440px-Spori_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The Jacob Spori Building at <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University-Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigham Young University-Idaho">Brigham Young University-Idaho</a> in Rexburg</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_State_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Idaho_State_University.jpg/220px-Idaho_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Idaho_State_University.jpg/330px-Idaho_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Idaho_State_University.jpg/440px-Idaho_State_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello</a></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png/220px-UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png/330px-UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png/440px-UI-arboretum-spring-moscow-id-us.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho_Arboretum_and_Botanical_Garden" title="University of Idaho Arboretum and Botanical Garden">Arboretum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Moscow</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>The Idaho State Board of Education oversees three comprehensive universities.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Moscow</a> was the first university in the state (founded in 1889). It opened its doors in 1892 and is the <a href="/wiki/Land-grant_university" title="Land-grant university">land-grant institution</a> and primary research university of the state. <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a> in Pocatello opened in 1901 as the Academy of Idaho, attained four-year status in 1947 and university status in 1963. <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a> is the most recent school to attain university status in Idaho. The school opened in 1932 as Boise Junior College and became Boise State University in 1974. <a href="/wiki/Lewis-Clark_State_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis-Clark State College">Lewis-Clark State College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a> is the only public, non-university four-year college in Idaho. It opened as a <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">normal school</a> in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></sup>
</p><p>Idaho has four regional community colleges: <a href="/wiki/North_Idaho_College" title="North Idaho College">North Idaho College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a>; <a href="/wiki/College_of_Southern_Idaho" title="College of Southern Idaho">College of Southern Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a>; <a href="/wiki/College_of_Western_Idaho" title="College of Western Idaho">College of Western Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>, which opened in 2009, <a href="/wiki/College_of_Eastern_Idaho" title="College of Eastern Idaho">College of Eastern Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a>, which transitioned from a <a href="/wiki/Technical_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical college">technical college</a> in 2017.
</p><p>Private institutions in Idaho are <a href="/wiki/Boise_Bible_College" title="Boise Bible College">Boise Bible College</a>, affiliated with congregations of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University-Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigham Young University-Idaho">Brigham Young University-Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rexburg,_Idaho" title="Rexburg, Idaho">Rexburg</a>, which is affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a <a href="/wiki/Sister_college" title="Sister college">sister college</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a>; The <a href="/wiki/College_of_Idaho" title="College of Idaho">College of Idaho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a>, which still maintains a loose affiliation with the Presbyterian Church; <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Nazarene_University" title="Northwest Nazarene University">Northwest Nazarene University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>; and <a href="/wiki/New_Saint_Andrews_College" title="New Saint Andrews College">New Saint Andrews College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Moscow</a>, of reformed Christian theological background. <a href="/wiki/McCall_College" title="McCall College">McCall College</a> is a non-affiliated two-year private college in <a href="/wiki/McCall,_Idaho" title="McCall, Idaho">McCall</a>, which was founded in 2011 and later opened in 2013.
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_Bible_College" title="Boise Bible College">Boise Bible College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University-Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigham Young University-Idaho">Brigham Young University-Idaho</a> (formerly Ricks College)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Idaho" title="College of Idaho">College of Idaho</a> (formerly Albertson College of Idaho)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Southern_Idaho" title="College of Southern Idaho">College of Southern Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Western_Idaho" title="College of Western Idaho">College of Western Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Eastern_Idaho" title="College of Eastern Idaho">College of Eastern Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis-Clark_State_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis-Clark State College">Lewis-Clark State College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McCall_College" title="McCall College">McCall College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Saint_Andrews_College" title="New Saint Andrews College">New Saint Andrews College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Idaho_College" title="North Idaho College">North Idaho College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Nazarene_University" title="Northwest Nazarene University">Northwest Nazarene University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Idaho%22">"Idaho"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Idaho%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Idaho%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Idaho%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Idaho%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Central Idaho is home to one of North America's oldest <a href="/wiki/Ski_resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski resorts">ski resorts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Idaho" title="Sun Valley, Idaho">Sun Valley</a>, where the world's first <a href="/wiki/Chairlift" title="Chairlift">chairlift</a> was installed in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></sup> Other noted outdoor sites include <a href="/wiki/Hells_Canyon" title="Hells Canyon">Hells Canyon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_River_(Idaho)" title="Salmon River (Idaho)">Salmon River</a>, and its embarkation point of <a href="/wiki/Riggins,_Idaho" title="Riggins, Idaho">Riggins</a>.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Club
</th>
<th>Sport
</th>
<th>League
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Boise_Hawks" title="Boise Hawks">Boise Hawks</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Baseball</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos" title="Boise State Broncos">Boise State Broncos</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Football_Bowl_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Bowl Subdivision">Div I FBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference" title="Mountain West Conference">MWC</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Vandals" title="Idaho Vandals">Idaho Vandals</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Championship Subdivision">Div I FCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference" title="Big Sky Conference">Big Sky</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Bengals" title="Idaho State Bengals">Idaho State Bengals</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Championship Subdivision">Div I FCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference" title="Big Sky Conference">Big Sky</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls_Chukars" title="Idaho Falls Chukars">Idaho Falls Chukars</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Baseball</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Steelheads" title="Idaho Steelheads">Idaho Steelheads</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league ice hockey">Ice hockey</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Idaho Falls Spud Kings
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league ice hockey">Ice hockey</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Premier_Hockey_League" title="United States Premier Hockey League">USPHL</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Boise_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise Open">Boise Open</a> professional golf tournament has been played at <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Country_Club_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="Hillcrest Country Club (Boise, Idaho)">Hillcrest Country Club</a> since 1990 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Korn_Ferry_Tour" title="Korn Ferry Tour">Korn Ferry Tour</a>. The Open has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Korn_Ferry_Tour_Finals" title="Korn Ferry Tour Finals">Korn Ferry Tour Finals</a> since 2016.
</p><p>High school sports are overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_High_School_Activities_Association" title="Idaho High School Activities Association">Idaho High School Activities Association</a> (IHSAA).
</p><p>In 2016, Meridian's Michael Slagowski ran 800 meters in 1:48.70. That is one of the 35 fastest 800-meter times ever run by a high school boy in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The 1980 film <i><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Billy" title="Bronco Billy">Bronco Billy</a></i> filmed in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a> for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></sup> The 1985 film <i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Rider" title="Pale Rider">Pale Rider</a></i> was primarily filmed in the <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Mountains_(Idaho)" title="Boulder Mountains (Idaho)">Boulder Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_National_Recreation_Area" title="Sawtooth National Recreation Area">Sawtooth National Recreation Area</a> in central Idaho, just north of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Idaho" title="Sun Valley, Idaho">Sun Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-efgbsy_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efgbsy-124">[123]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/River_Phoenix" title="River Phoenix">River Phoenix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keanu_Reeves" title="Keanu Reeves">Keanu Reeves</a> starred in the 1991 movie <i><a href="/wiki/My_Own_Private_Idaho" title="My Own Private Idaho">My Own Private Idaho</a></i>, portions of which take place in Idaho.<sup id="cite_ref-Robb,_Brian_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb,_Brian-125">[124]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenberg,_Harvey_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenberg,_Harvey-126">[125]</a></sup> The 2004 <a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">cult film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Dynamite" title="Napoleon Dynamite">Napoleon Dynamite</a></i> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Idaho" title="Preston, Idaho">Preston, Idaho</a>; the film's director, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Jared Hess">Jared Hess</a>, attended <a href="/wiki/Preston_High_School_(Idaho)" title="Preston High School (Idaho)">Preston High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Idaho-related_articles" title="Index of Idaho-related articles">Index of Idaho-related articles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Idaho" title="Outline of Idaho">Outline of Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/USS_Idaho" title="USS Idaho">USS <i>Idaho</i></a>, five ships</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NAVD88-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217336898"><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/">"Facts & Symbols"</a>. <i>The Official Website of the State of Idaho</i>. Access Idaho<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+State+of+Idaho&rft.atitle=Facts+%26+Symbols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idaho.gov%2Fabout-idaho%2Ffacts-symbols%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.census.gov">[1]</a> United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=PZ0770">"Beauty Reset"</a>. <i>NGS Data Sheet</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+Data+Sheet&rft.atitle=Beauty+Reset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fds_mark.prl%3FPidBox%3DPZ0770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-USGS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N">"Median Household Income in Idaho"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+Household+Income+in+Idaho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FMEHOINUSIDA646N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/">"Idaho Statutes (73-121)"</a>. State of Idaho. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/">the original</a> on December 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idaho+Statutes+%2873-121%29&rft.pub=State+of+Idaho&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislature.idaho.gov%2Fstatutesrules%2Fidstat%2Ftitle73%2Ft73ch1%2Fsect73-121%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm">"Western States Data Public Land Acreage"</a>, <i>wildlandfire.com</i>. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWells" class="citation web cs1">Wells, Merle W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf">"Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Name+%22Idaho%22+and+How+Idaho+Became+a+Territory+in+1863&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Merle+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalatlas.cose.isu.edu%2Fgeog%2Fexplore%2Fessay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRees1928" class="citation web cs1">Rees, John E (1928) [1868]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich">"Idaho—its meaning, origin and application"</a>. Internet Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020406/http://www.archive.org/details/idahoitsmeaningo00reesrich">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idaho%E2%80%94its+meaning%2C+origin+and+application&rft.pub=Internet+Archive&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=John+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fidahoitsmeaningo00reesrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax">"Did Idaho Get Its Name As a Result of a Hoax?"</a>. Museum of hoaxes. April 25, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025133736/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/did_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Idaho+Get+Its+Name+As+a+Result+of+a+Hoax%3F&rft.pub=Museum+of+hoaxes&rft.date=2006-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumofhoaxes.com%2Fhoax%2Fweblog%2Fcomments%2Fdid_idaho_get_its_name_as_a_result_of_a_hoax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028131844/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html">"Idaho"</a>. <i>Encarta</i>. MSN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html">the original</a> on October 28, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Idaho&rft.btitle=Encarta&rft.pub=MSN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761565515%2FIdaho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ellis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1951" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, Erl H. (October 1951). "Idaho". <i>Western Folklore</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 317–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1496073">10.2307/1496073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1496073">1496073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Folklore&rft.atitle=Idaho&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=317-9&rft.date=1951-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1496073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1496073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Erl+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2">"Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf"><i>Idaho Museum of Natural History</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065016/http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/explore/essay.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Name+%22Idaho%22+and+How+Idaho+Became+a+Territory+in+1863&rft.btitle=Idaho+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pub=Idaho+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimnh.isu.edu%2Fdigitalatlas%2Fgeog%2Fexplore%2Fessay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/stat/12/808">"uslaw.link"</a>. <i>uslaw.link</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uslaw.link&rft.atitle=uslaw.link&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuslaw.link%2Fcitation%2Fstat%2F12%2F808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-natgeo-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905110333/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/">"15,000-year-old Idaho archaeology site now among America's oldest"</a>. <i>Culture & History</i>. August 29, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/08/coopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest/">the original</a> on September 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+%26+History&rft.atitle=15%2C000-year-old+Idaho+archaeology+site+now+among+America%27s+oldest&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2F2019%2F08%2Fcoopers-landing-idaho-site-americas-oldest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-science-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-science_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-science_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFG._DavisB._MadsenHigham2019" class="citation journal cs1">G. Davis, Loren; B. Madsen, David; Higham, Thomas Higham (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aax9830">"Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper's Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>365</b> (6456): 891–897. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Sci...365..891D">2019Sci...365..891D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aax9830">10.1126/science.aax9830</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31467216">31467216</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201672463">201672463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Late+Upper+Paleolithic+occupation+at+Cooper%27s+Ferry%2C+Idaho%2C+USA%2C+~16%2C000+years+ago&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6456&rft.pages=891-897&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aax9830&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201672463%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31467216&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Sci...365..891D&rft.aulast=G.+Davis&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft.au=B.+Madsen%2C+David&rft.au=Higham%2C+Thomas+Higham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.aax9830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html">"Idaho artifacts show human presence in Americas 16,600 years ago"</a>. <i>news.yahoo.com</i>. August 29, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901181706/https://news.yahoo.com/idaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Idaho+artifacts+show+human+presence+in+Americas+16%2C600+years+ago&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fidaho-artifacts-show-human-presence-184042278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson">"David Thompson's Trading Post"</a>. <i>Idaho Forts</i>. American Forts Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813155304/http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/id.html#thompson">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Forts&rft.atitle=David+Thompson%27s+Trading+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamericanforts.com%2FWest%2Fid.html%23thompson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf">"Fur Trade Posts in Idaho"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Idaho State Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930220652/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0062.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fur+Trade+Posts+in+Idaho&rft.pub=Idaho+State+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahohistory.net%2FReference%2520Series%2F0062.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state">"Idaho becomes 43rd state—Jul 03, 1890—HISTORY.com"</a>. <i>HISTORY.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102053717/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/idaho-becomes-43rd-state">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HISTORY.com&rft.atitle=Idaho+becomes+43rd+state%E2%80%94Jul+03%2C+1890%E2%80%94HISTORY.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fidaho-becomes-43rd-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html">"See How Vaccinations Are Going in Your County and State"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 17, 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=See+How+Vaccinations+Are+Going+in+Your+County+and+State&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2020%2Fus%2Fcovid-19-vaccine-doses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Holtz2022" class="citation web cs1">Michael Holtz (January 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/cobalt-clean-energy-climate-change-idaho/621321/">"Idaho Is Sitting on One of the Most Important Elements on Earth"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Idaho+Is+Sitting+on+One+of+the+Most+Important+Elements+on+Earth&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.au=Michael+Holtz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fscience%2Farchive%2F2022%2F01%2Fcobalt-clean-energy-climate-change-idaho%2F621321%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm">"Climate of Idaho"</a>. <i>Western Regional Climate Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120183856/https://wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/IDAHO.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Regional+Climate+Center&rft.atitle=Climate+of+Idaho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrcc.dri.edu%2Fnarratives%2FIDAHO.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK">"2007-2022 PIT Counts by State"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007-2022+PIT+Counts+by+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fview.officeapps.live.com%2Fop%2Fview.aspx%3Fsrc%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.huduser.gov%252Fportal%252Fsites%252Fdefault%252Ffiles%252Fxls%252F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx%26wdOrigin%3DBROWSELINK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf">"The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2022+Annual+Homelessness+Assessment+Report+%28AHAR%29+to+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2F2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-census-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html">"Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html">the original</a> on July 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Census+Statistics+on+Population+Totals+By+Race%2C+1790+to+1990%2C+and+By+Hispanic+Origin%2C+1970+to+1990%2C+For+The+United+States%2C+Regions%2C+Divisions%2C+and+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0056%2Ftwps0056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client">"Idaho :: Census Viewer :: CensusViewer :: Powered by Moonshadow Mobile"</a>. <i>Idaho.us.censusviewer.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430075250/http://idaho.us.censusviewer.com/client">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho.us.censusviewer.com&rft.atitle=Idaho+%3A%3A+Census+Viewer+%3A%3A+CensusViewer+%3A%3A+Powered+by+Moonshadow+Mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidaho.us.censusviewer.com%2Fclient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ACS2017DEMO-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2017DEMO_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"2017 American Community Survey—Demographic and Housing Estimates"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+American+Community+Survey%E2%80%94Demographic+and+Housing+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_idaho.pdf">"Immigrants in Idaho"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>americanimmigrationcouncil.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanimmigrationcouncil.org&rft.atitle=Immigrants+in+Idaho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanimmigrationcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fimmigrants_in_idaho.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2015_GDP-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2015_GDP_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2015_GDP_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230100702/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5">"Gross domestic product (GDP) by state (millions of current dollars)"</a>. <i>U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis</i>. U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=11&AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&GeoFipsGdp=XX&ClassKeyGdp=NAICS&ComponentKey=200&IndustryKey=1&YearGdp=2015Q2&YearGdpBegin=-1&YearGdpEnd=-1&UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&RankKeyGdp=1&Drill=1&nRange=5">the original</a> on December 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+by+state+%28millions+of+current+dollars%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2FiTable%2Fdrilldown.cfm%3Freqid%3D70%26stepnum%3D11%26AreaTypeKeyGdp%3D5%26GeoFipsGdp%3DXX%26ClassKeyGdp%3DNAICS%26ComponentKey%3D200%26IndustryKey%3D1%26YearGdp%3D2015Q2%26YearGdpBegin%3D-1%26YearGdpEnd%3D-1%26UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp%3DLevels%26RankKeyGdp%3D1%26Drill%3D1%26nRange%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-faq-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faq_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426120934/http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm">"FAQs"</a>. ITD. January 24, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itd.idaho.gov/NewsAndInfo/faqs.htm">the original</a> on April 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2007</span>. <q>The transportation department also oversees federal grants to 15 rural and urban public transportation systems, provides state rail planning and rail-project development and supports bicycle and pedestrian projects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs&rft.pub=ITD&rft.date=2007-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitd.idaho.gov%2FNewsAndInfo%2Ffaqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html">"Major Airports in Idaho"</a>. <i>Traveltips.usatoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904043747/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/major-airports-idaho-25709.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Traveltips.usatoday.com&rft.atitle=Major+Airports+in+Idaho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Fmajor-airports-idaho-25709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200628/https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf">"Constitution of the State of Idaho"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>History.idaho.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/ID%20Constitution%2010_30_2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.idaho.gov&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+State+of+Idaho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2FID%2520Constitution%252010_30_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBendix2023" class="citation web cs1">Bendix, Aria (April 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/idaho-most-extreme-anti-abortion-state-law-restricts-travel-rcna78225">"Idaho becomes one of the most extreme anti-abortion states with law restricting travel for abortions"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Idaho+becomes+one+of+the+most+extreme+anti-abortion+states+with+law+restricting+travel+for+abortions&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.aulast=Bendix&rft.aufirst=Aria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fhealth%2Fwomens-health%2Fidaho-most-extreme-anti-abortion-state-law-restricts-travel-rcna78225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:2-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2023" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (April 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reason.com/2023/04/06/idaho-takes-aim-at-interstate-travel-for-abortion-health-care-providers-are-suing/">"Idaho takes aim at interstate travel for abortion. Health care providers are suing"</a>. <i>Reason.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reason.com&rft.atitle=Idaho+takes+aim+at+interstate+travel+for+abortion.+Health+care+providers+are+suing.&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Nolan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2F2023%2F04%2F06%2Fidaho-takes-aim-at-interstate-travel-for-abortion-health-care-providers-are-suing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2023" class="citation web cs1">Staff (April 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/idaho-abortion-minors-criminalization-b8fb4b6feb9b520d63f75432a1219588">"Idaho governor signs 'abortion trafficking' bill into law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Idaho+governor+signs+%27abortion+trafficking%27+bill+into+law&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fidaho-abortion-minors-criminalization-b8fb4b6feb9b520d63f75432a1219588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/13/us/idaho-abortion-doctors-drain/index.html">, Idaho’s murky abortion law is driving doctors out of the state</a>, Randi Kaye, Stephen Samaniego, CNN, May 13, 2023</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other 12 are Washington, Utah, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, & New Hampshire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.termlimits.com/which-states-have-term-limits-on-governor/">[2]</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FKQSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LvkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1783,1095239">"Spokane Daily Chronicle - Google News Archive Search"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spokane+Daily+Chronicle+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DFKQSAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DLvkDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1783%2C1095239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Schwantes, Carlos A. <i>In mountain shadows: A history of Idaho</i> (U of Nebraska Press, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmountainshadow0000schw">online</a></li>
<li>Schwantes, Carlos A. <i>The Pacific Northwest: an interpretive history</i> (U of Nebraska Press, 1996).</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSimsHope_A._Benedict1992" class="citation book cs1">Sims, Robert C.; Hope A. Benedict (1992). <i>Idaho's Governors</i>. Boise, Idaho: College of Social Sciences and Public Affairs, Boise State University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-932129-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-932129-13-7"><bdi>0-932129-13-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho%27s+Governors&rft.place=Boise%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=College+of+Social+Sciences+and+Public+Affairs%2C+Boise+State+University&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-932129-13-7&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.au=Hope+A.+Benedict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li>Stapilus, Randy. <i>Idaho Myths and Legends: The True Stories Behind History's Mysteries</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EX3IDwAAQBAJ&dq=HISTORY+IDAHO&pg=PR3">online</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217611005">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097092911">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
<div class="side-box-abovebelow">
<b>Idaho</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Idaho" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Idaho">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Idaho" class="extiw" title="c:Idaho">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Idaho" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Idaho">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Idaho" class="extiw" title="q:Idaho">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Idaho" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Idaho">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Idaho" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Idaho">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Idaho" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Idaho">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Idaho" class="extiw" title="voy:Idaho">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idaho.gov/"><i>State of Idaho government</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+Idaho+government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idaho.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/">Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho">Idaho</a> at <a href="/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID"><i>Energy Profile for Idaho</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">US</a>: DoE, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID">the original</a> on November 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+Profile+for+Idaho&rft.place=US&rft.pub=DoE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftonto.eia.doe.gov%2Fstate%2Fstate_energy_profiles.cfm%3Fsid%3DID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/"><i>Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2">"Idaho Newspapers", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/"><i>US newspapers</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho">the original</a> on June 20, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Idaho+Newspapers&rft.btitle=US+newspapers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnewspapers.org%2Fstate%2Fidaho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho"><i>Idaho State Databases</i></a>, Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(wiki)</span> on May 15, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+State+Databases&rft.pub=Government+Documents+Roundtable+of+the+American+Library+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikis.ala.org%2Fgodort%2Findex.php%2FIdaho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo"><i>Idaho State Facts</i></a>, USDA</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+State+Facts&rft.pub=USDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2Fdata-products%2Fstate-fact-sheets%2Fstate-data.aspx%3FStateFIPS%3D16%26Statestate%3DIdaho%23.U8Lah_ldUeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm"><i>Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience</i></a> (teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan), National Park Service</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Log+Cabins+in+America%3A+The+Finnish+Experience&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2FNR%2Ftwhp%2Fwwwlps%2Flessons%2F4logcabins%2F4logcabins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html"><i>The History of Idaho</i></a>, State government, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html">the original</a> on May 9, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Idaho&rft.pub=State+government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.idaho.gov%2Ffyi%2Fhistory%2Fhistory_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2">"States", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html"><i>Quick facts</i></a>, US: Census Bureau, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html">the original</a> on June 11, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=States&rft.btitle=Quick+facts&rft.place=US&rft.pub=Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F16000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID"><i>Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho</i></a>, USGS, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID">the original</a> on December 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-time%2C+geographic%2C+and+other+scientific+resources+of+Idaho&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgs.gov%2Fstate%2Fstate.asp%3FState%3DID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitidaho.org/"><i>Visit Idaho</i></a> (official state tourism website)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visit+Idaho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitidaho.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html"><i>Idaho population of 2019</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+population+of+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuspopulation2019.com%2Fpopulation-of-idaho-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho" class="Z3988"></span>.</li>
<li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/162116">Idaho</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by date of statehood">List of U.S. states by date of statehood</a> </b><br />Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Idaho" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Idaho" title="Template:Idaho"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Idaho" title="Template talk:Idaho"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Idaho" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Idaho</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Idaho" title="Outline of Idaho">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Idaho-related_articles" title="Index of Idaho-related articles">Index</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Law_and_government">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Idaho" title="United States congressional delegations from Idaho">Delegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Idaho" title="List of governors of Idaho">Governors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Idaho" title="History of Idaho">History</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Idaho_history" title="Bibliography of Idaho history">Bibliography</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Idaho" title="Category:Images of Idaho">Images</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Idaho" title="List of people from Idaho">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Idaho_state_symbols" title="List of Idaho state symbols">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Idaho" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Idaho">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Idaho" title="Abortion in Idaho">Abortion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Idaho" title="Climate change in Idaho">Climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Idaho">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Idaho" title="Culture of Idaho">Culture</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Idaho" title="Elections in Idaho">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Idaho" title="Gun laws in Idaho">Gun laws</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Idaho" title="LGBT rights in Idaho">LGBT rights</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Idaho" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cache_Valley" title="Cache Valley">Cache Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Idaho" title="Central Idaho">Central Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau" title="Columbia Plateau">Columbia River Plateau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Idaho" title="Eastern Idaho">Eastern Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Valley" title="Magic Valley">Magic Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Idaho" title="North Central Idaho">North Central Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">Idaho Panhandle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Idaho" title="Southern Idaho">Southern Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Idaho" title="Southwestern Idaho">Southwestern Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Range" title="Wasatch Range">Wasatch Range</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wood_River_Valley" title="Wood River Valley">Wood River Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">Larger<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post_Falls,_Idaho" title="Post Falls, Idaho">Post Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rexburg,_Idaho" title="Rexburg, Idaho"> Rexburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho"> Moscow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho"> Eagle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">Smaller<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuna,_Idaho" title="Kuna, Idaho">Kuna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ammon,_Idaho" title="Ammon, Idaho">Ammon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chubbuck,_Idaho" title="Chubbuck, Idaho">Chubbuck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home,_Idaho" title="Mountain Home, Idaho">Mountain Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hayden,_Idaho" title="Hayden, Idaho">Hayden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot,_Idaho" title="Blackfoot, Idaho">Blackfoot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Idaho" title="Garden City, Idaho">Garden City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jerome,_Idaho" title="Jerome, Idaho">Jerome</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burley,_Idaho" title="Burley, Idaho">Burley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Idaho" title="List of counties in Idaho">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Idaho" title="Adams County, Idaho">Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_County,_Idaho" title="Bannock County, Idaho">Bannock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_County,_Idaho" title="Bear Lake County, Idaho">Bear Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Benewah_County,_Idaho" title="Benewah County, Idaho">Benewah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bingham_County,_Idaho" title="Bingham County, Idaho">Bingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Idaho" title="Blaine County, Idaho">Blaine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boise_County,_Idaho" title="Boise County, Idaho">Boise</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonner_County,_Idaho" title="Bonner County, Idaho">Bonner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_County,_Idaho" title="Bonneville County, Idaho">Bonneville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_County,_Idaho" title="Boundary County, Idaho">Boundary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_Idaho" title="Butte County, Idaho">Butte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camas_County,_Idaho" title="Camas County, Idaho">Camas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_County,_Idaho" title="Canyon County, Idaho">Canyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caribou_County,_Idaho" title="Caribou County, Idaho">Caribou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cassia_County,_Idaho" title="Cassia County, Idaho">Cassia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Idaho" title="Clark County, Idaho">Clark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_County,_Idaho" title="Clearwater County, Idaho">Clearwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Idaho" title="Custer County, Idaho">Custer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_County,_Idaho" title="Elmore County, Idaho">Elmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Idaho" title="Franklin County, Idaho">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Idaho" title="Fremont County, Idaho">Fremont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gem_County,_Idaho" title="Gem County, Idaho">Gem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gooding_County,_Idaho" title="Gooding County, Idaho">Gooding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_County,_Idaho" title="Idaho County, Idaho">Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Idaho" title="Jefferson County, Idaho">Jefferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_County,_Idaho" title="Jerome County, Idaho">Jerome</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kootenai_County,_Idaho" title="Kootenai County, Idaho">Kootenai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latah_County,_Idaho" title="Latah County, Idaho">Latah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lemhi_County,_Idaho" title="Lemhi County, Idaho">Lemhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Idaho" title="Lewis County, Idaho">Lewis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Idaho" title="Lincoln County, Idaho">Lincoln</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Idaho" title="Madison County, Idaho">Madison</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minidoka_County,_Idaho" title="Minidoka County, Idaho">Minidoka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_County,_Idaho" title="Nez Perce County, Idaho">Nez Perce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_Idaho" title="Oneida County, Idaho">Oneida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Owyhee_County,_Idaho" title="Owyhee County, Idaho">Owyhee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Payette_County,_Idaho" title="Payette County, Idaho">Payette</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Power_County,_Idaho" title="Power County, Idaho">Power</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone_County,_Idaho" title="Shoshone County, Idaho">Shoshone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teton_County,_Idaho" title="Teton County, Idaho">Teton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls_County,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls County, Idaho">Twin Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valley_County,_Idaho" title="Valley County, Idaho">Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Idaho" title="Washington County, Idaho">Washington</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/32px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/48px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/64px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Idaho" title="Portal:Idaho">Idaho portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li>
<li>Civil rights movement
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_debt_ceiling" title="History of the United States debt ceiling">debt ceiling</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(before_1890)" title="Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)">before 1890</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1890%E2%80%931945)" title="Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)">1890–1945</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(after_1991)" title="Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991)">after 1991</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Police</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reporter" title="Federal Reporter">Federal Reporter</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">United States Reports</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Death_care_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Death care industry in the United States">Death care</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_death_care_in_the_United_States" title="Women in death care in the United States">Women</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">Great American Novel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign Language</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Sign_Language" title="Hawaiʻi Sign Language">HSL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Sign Talk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language_in_the_United_States" title="Arabic language in the United States">Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese language in the United States">Chinese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/French_language_in_the_United_States" title="French language in the United States">French</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/German_language_in_the_United_States" title="German language in the United States">German</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Italian language in the United States">Italian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Russian language in the United States">Russian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Adolescent sexuality in the United States">adolescent</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_maternal_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and maternal health in the United States">Race and maternal health</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Medical racism in the United States">Medical racism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Maternal mortality in the United States">Maternal mortality</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_the_United_States" title="Ages of consent in the United States">Ages of consent</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination based on hair texture in the United States">hair texture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_drug_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Federal drug policy of the United States">Drug policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_education_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental education in the United States">Environmental education</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">hunger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">obesity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">smoking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_the_United_States" title="International rankings of the United States">International rankings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_States" title="Mass surveillance in the United States">Mass surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1211709/">FAST</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404316432">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148929220">VIAF</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppFJbGwjYvwvcBDT46rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5078975">Spain</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514348006706">Catalonia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4026462-2">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548166805171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81014565">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvxwk424mtbw9n">Sweden</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000339195&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00900524">Japan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Idaho"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129378&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000759968&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f2532a8e-276c-457a-b3d9-0a7706535178">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04856477?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045299">NARA</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/17654240X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Idaho&params=45_N_115_W_dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Idaho"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°N</span> <span class="longitude">115°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45°N 115°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45; -115</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">State of Idaho</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>
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